THE RURAI> NEW-YORKER 
1137 
Soil and Fertility Problems 
Fertilizing Raspberries. 
Can you tell me the trouble with our 
raspberry bushes? They looked fine the 
first of the season, bloomed, fruit set, and 
when partially grown the bushes com¬ 
menced to die, and in a short time were 
dead. They are Cuthberts. There is a 
worm that eats the pith out and kills 
them, but that does not seem to be the 
trouble. The present season used hen 
manure for fertilizer, heretofore have 
used commercial fertilizer. What fertil¬ 
izer is best for the plants? e. l. n. 
Bangor, Me. 
combination with the other sorts to very 
good advantage; it is a quick and strong 
grower and withstands drought to a re¬ 
markable degree. The perennial rye-grass 
may also be used. This is also a good 
drought-resisting grass, but does not 
make a handsome lawn, but fortunately 
when the finer grasses get well established 
they will crowd out the rye grass in 
three or four years. By submitting your 
wants to any reliable seedsman, he will 
be glad to compound a mixture of such 
Poultry manure is valuable for fertil¬ 
izing purposes, chiefly on account of the 
large content of ammonia and phosphoric 
acid. When using it should first be com¬ 
posted, particularly if applied to grow¬ 
ing plants, as such strongly ammoniated 
manures when brought into immediate 
contact with the roots often do consider¬ 
able damage, and in cases where heavy 
applications are given there is always 
danger of doing permanent injury. It 
is just possible a too heavy application of 
this manure was given your raspberries, 
and that it is at least partly responsible 
for the present condition of the plants. 
Cane borers if left unchecked frequently 
become very destructive; spraying has 
but little effect on them. Cutting out the 
canes attacked as soon as noticed, and 
burning them, seems to be about the 
only practical means of holding the cane 
borer in check. To produce large crops 
of first grade raspberries, the ground 
should be fertilized liberally with well- 
rotted stable manure applied in the rows, 
which should be supplemented with about 
one ton of wood ashes, or 200 pounds 
muriate of potash and five to six hundred 
pounds of raw bone meal to the acre. 
The comparative tests conducted by the 
New Jersey Experiment Station, with the 
throe following sorts of red raspberries, 
Cuthbert, Turner and Marlboro, indi¬ 
cated that the liberal use of stable ma¬ 
nure (20 tons per acre) produced large 
yields of high-grade fruit, and for each 
dollar spent for stable manure the re¬ 
turns were a trifle over six dollars; for 
each dollar invested in commercial fer¬ 
tilizer containing nitrogen 4.5 per cent., 
phosphoric acid 7.7 per cent., potash 13.3 
per cent., applied at the rate of five hun¬ 
dred pounds to the acre, the returns were 
a little over twenty-seven dollars. There 
seems to be no established method of fer¬ 
tilizing this crop, every commercial grow¬ 
er seems to have worked out his own 
sorts as will be suitable for your soil 
and give advice as to when to sow and 
the quantity required for a given area. 
K. 
Badly Worn Land. 
Two years ago I started improving 
some land via the “cover crops, lime and 
chemicals” route. Land was so poor 
that it did not grow a decent crop of rye 
the first time planted, and I had to put 
on manure in order to get a decent sec¬ 
ond crop. This Summer I have three 
acres plowed of another piece which I 
am certain will not grow a good stand 
of rye, and I have no manure. I wish 
to sow rye before September 10. What 
shall I do to that land? It is a good 
sandy loam free from large stones, its 
former history as far as I know, 20 
years in sod cropped continually. Four 
years ago corn on fertilizer and three 
years weeds which this year grew only 
six inches high, ragweeds mostly. 
Williamsburg, Mass. \v. H. N. 
In our own case we plow such land 
and give a fair dressing of lime. Then 
sow rye and turnips with about 400 
pounds to the acre of a good grain fertil¬ 
izer broadcast. This will start a fair 
crop of rye for plowing under. It would 
take a long time to build up that soil 
with cover crops alone, and a corn crop 
going off each year. In place of manure 
the fertilizer will start the rye. 
Second Crop Hay. 
I am on a run-down farm now for 
the second year, and have a field of five 
acres that has a second growth new seed¬ 
ing of clover and Timothy that stands 
over a foot high. I do not wish to rob 
the field by cutting this again for hay, 
while some say it will hurt my future 
crop of hay to leave it standing and 
mulch this Winter. Will you give me 
your advice on this? e. d. r. 
Dimock, Pa. 
We should cut this grass and make 
hay of it. Next Spring use a top-dress¬ 
ing of fertilizer. There are two objec¬ 
tions to leaving this grass on the field 
method and it is scarcely possible to find 
two growers that use the same fertilizers 
in like quantity. K. 
Grass for Sandy Soil. 
I wish to grow some variety of grass 
that will grow quickly and produce a 
good sod. This plot of laud is not pas¬ 
ture land and therefore am not particu¬ 
lar as to variety. The soil is very sandy, 
and mostly beach sand characteristic of 
Long Island. It is well drained and por¬ 
ous. There is a fair amount of rainfall 
in this section. If you could advise me 
regarding the planting of any grass on 
this land I wuold appreciate it greatly. 
Do you know anything of Bermuda 
grass? J. M. R. 
West Hampton Beach, N. Y. 
So far as I have been able to learn, 
Bermuda grass has not proven successful 
north of Virginia. Therefore consider¬ 
ation of it must be laid aside in this case. 
There are, however, severa 1 varieties of 
grasses well adapted to our coastal sandy 
lands that may be used with good re¬ 
sults under favorable preparatory and 
proper sustaining conditions. Coarser 
sandy soils are not considered favorable 
for the production of good lawns, as 
their loose character and the smallness 
of their humus content, render them so 
porous it is impossible to maintain a 
proper degree of natural moisture dur¬ 
ing the hot months of the Summer, and 
unless provision is made for artificial ir¬ 
rigation, the grasses suffer greatly, and 
quite often burn out altogether. The 
varieties of grasses most largely used 
for the making of seashore lawns and in 
other places where the soils are of sim¬ 
ilar character are the Canada Blue grass, 
Red-top, White clover, Rhode Island bent 
grass, the fescue grasses and especially 
the creeping bent, all are well adapted 
for sandy soils, but none should be used 
separately. A combination of all or any 
number of them will prove more satisfac¬ 
tory. Italian rye-grass may be used in 
over Winter. It will fall down an< 
make a great nesting place for field mid 
which will injure the grass roots if en 
couraged to nest there. Then unless thi 
is burned over in the Spring the dea< 
grass will interfere with the work of th- 
mower. 
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