1178 
THE RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
September 25, 1915. 
Buying Milk by Test 
Value of “Solids Not Fat.” —Re¬ 
garding complaints made by Holstein 
milk producers in relation to the matter 
of paying for fat without reference to 
solids other than fat, I have made out a 
table covering milk containing three, 3.5, 
four, 4.5 and five per cent, of fat. The 
total solids are given in each case and the 
solids not fat. These analyses are based 
upon the average of many samples of herd 
milk produced in this State. In column 
4 there is given the ratio of the fat to 
the solids-not-fat in the different grades 
of milk. It is noticed that, as the milk 
increases in fat, the proportion of solids 
not fat increases in relation to fat. This 
is shown in the fourth column. In column 
5 there is shown the value of fat in each 
case in 100 pounds of milk, assuming the 
milk fat to have a value of 33 1-3 cents a 
pound, which is not far from present 
value. This column represents the amount 
paid for the different kinds of milk on the 
basis of the fat content. In column 0 1 
have attempted to give a value for the 
solids not fat in 100 pounds of milk. I 
have placed the figure at 31-3 cents a 
pound. This figure is arrived at by con¬ 
sidering the market value of skim-milk. 
As far as I am able to find out 30 cents 
a hundred is regarded as a reasonable 
price for skim-milk. Average skim-milk 
contains about nine pounds of solids not 
fat per hundred, and, of course, if we as¬ 
sign 30 cents for nine pounds of such 
solids it would give us 31-3 cents a 
pound. The sixth column gives the values 
of the solids-not-fat for each of the dif¬ 
ferent milks. In the seventh column are 
given the total results contained in col¬ 
umns 5 and G. We find that in column 7 
the value of the fat and other solids in 
100 pounds of milk is ,$1.29 for milk con¬ 
taining three per cent, of fat and $1.«53 
for instance, for milk containing four per 
cent, of fat It could be shown, if it is 
not readily apparent by comparing col¬ 
umns 5 and 6 , that the addition of 29 
cents to one dollar in the case of three 
per cent, milk is greater in proportion 
than in the case of milk containing a 
higher percentage of fat. In other words, 
the addition made for solids-not-fat de¬ 
creases in proportion to fat as the fat in 
the milk increases. This is shown in col¬ 
umn 4. 
I am not sure that I have made the 
matter very clear in these brief state¬ 
ments, but, speaking generally, it is true 
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11.65 
8.05 
1:2.88 
$1.00 
$0.29 
$1.29 
3.50 
12.35 
8.85 
1:2.53 
1.17 
0.29 
1.46 
4. 
13.00 
9.00 
1:2.25 
1.33 
0.30 
1.03 
4.50 
13.80 
9.30 
1:2.07 
1.50 
0.31 
1.81 
5. 
14.50 
9.50 
1:1.90 
1.07 
0.32 
1.99 
that the milks which are poorer in fat will 
get a little more in proportion if they are 
paid also for solids-not-fat than will be 
the case with the milks containing more 
f a t. L. L. VAN SI.YKE. 
Geneva, N. Y., Experiment Station. 
Improving Egg Production. 
I have not seen anything in your col¬ 
umns about Hr. Pearl’s experiments in 
breeding poultry for egg production. His 
bulletins are pretty heavy reading for 
me, and I would like to see them written 
up in popular form, but I have obtained 
enough from them to help me a great deal 
with my pens, and it may help others. 
The principal thing I got from them is 
that the fact a hen is a very heavy 
layer by no means proves her daughters 
will be exceptionally good layers. The 
daughter of the son of a very heavy pro¬ 
ducer has a better chance of inheriting 
the laying qualities. Rut the thing to do 
to get a good laying flock, if you can do 
it, is to breed from birds whose ances¬ 
tors for generations back have all been 
heavy producers. Dr. Pearl’s method is 
by tracing pedigree lines for many gener¬ 
ations. Selecting the best hens by trap¬ 
nesting, and breeding from hens that are 
good layers without regard to what their 
ancestors were, is mere play compared 
with Pearl’s pedigree line method. Se¬ 
lecting birds whose ancestors for many 
generations have all been heavy layers, is 
the method for the expert, but for me, 
and probably for the majority of poultry- 
men, it is very difficult—so difficult that 
most of us would be discouraged before 
we accomplished much. 
You may smile at the simplicity of 
what I suggest. Of course you under¬ 
stand my advice is to the poultryman 
whose egg production is not a great deal 
above the average. Trap-nest if you want 
to, but first, the essential thing is to pick 
some good straight breeder of heavy pro¬ 
ducing stock. Buy a few good birds, and 
then every year or so get a cockerel to 
head your best pen. Of course, each 
poultryman must follow some simple 
method of selecting the best birds and 
breeding, like those published in the 
Cornell bulletins and the “Business 
Hen,” but that alone, in most flocks will 
do little more than keep what you have 
already got. That is not enough. 
I tried to raise my egg production for 
several years without success, then I 
read Pearl’s bulletins and found out what 
I was up against. I secured a few birds 
of fine egg-laying stock. I was disap¬ 
pointed in the. appearance of these birds 
when they arrived, but they were of the 
true laying strain, and since then while 
feed has been higher and eggs lower, my 
business has been much more profitable 
than before. Pearl's long series of-care¬ 
ful and accurate experiments prove to 
me, first, that egg production in most 
cases, may be greatly improved. Second, 
the process is very difficult to the aver¬ 
age poultryman. Third, they satisfy me, 
that for most of us it is better to get an 
expert to do the work than to attempt it 
ourselves. 
Might not the young poultryman, who 
puts in trap-nests, much rather spend the 
time it takes tending them, in familiariz¬ 
ing himself with the principles of breed¬ 
ing, and finding out who is really the 
best man, on whose stock to depend for 
a raise in egg production? Does not he 
generally become discouraged and take 
out the traps before he accomplishes any¬ 
thing? Is it wise for the beginner to at¬ 
tempt that which tests the ability of the 
ablest? james o. le fevke. 
Fall Chicks. 
Does it pay to buy baby chicks now? 
My neighbors don’t advise me to buy 
now. The climate in this region is ex¬ 
tremely cold in Winter and my neighbors 
have grave doubts regarding vitality and 
constitutional vigor of baby chicks at this 
time of the year If, however, it is prac¬ 
ticable I could devote my time to it. 
So. Fallsburgh, N. Y. j. c. 
Chicks hatched after the first of June 
are likely to be lacking in the vitality of 
chicks from the same flock hatched earlier 
in the season and the losses will be corre¬ 
spondingly greater. Such chicks as are 
raised, however, may be fully equal to 
those hatched earlier and there is no rea¬ 
son why one should not purchase baby 
chicks in August if he appreciates the 
handicap that they will be under. He 
could not, of course, expect eggs from the 
pullets until the following Spring. 
M. B. D. 
Chicken-pox. 
My flock of Leghorn hens have chicken- 
pox. Cleaning up and usual sanitary 
measures seem to do no good. A new case 
is seen every few days. This flock will 
soon be moved to a clean house which has 
been scrubbed, whitewashed and thorough¬ 
ly cleaned out and the soil in yards limed. 
All afflicted hens will be disposed of, but 
what to do if the disease appears in the 
clean house I do not know. Where can I 
look for the cause of the trouble? G. n. c. 
New York. 
While very contagious, chicken-pox in 
the Northern States is not likely to be a 
virulent disease or difficult of control. It 
is transmitted by direct contact, by ver¬ 
min and by pigeons. Affected birds should 
be isolated until well, the sores being 
painted with tincture of iodine. Disin¬ 
fection of utensils by scrubbing in boiling 
water should be practiced and cleanliness 
of surroundings observed. Like all dis¬ 
eases, it is most successfully resisted by 
fowls whose health and vigor are main¬ 
tained by good care. M. B. D. 
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The Rural New Yorker, 333 West 30th St., N. Y. 
When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a 
quick reply and a “square deal/’ See guarantee editorial page. : : : 
