->'• I 
1194 
October 2, l!)lo. 
THE KUKAL NEW-YORKER 
Corn Notes 
at it by “main strength and awkward¬ 
ness” with good two-tined pitchforks. 
Vermont. l. c. Litchfield. 
Rye for Hay; Oats and Peas. 
Suggestions for Seed Corn Selecting. 
The following suggestions are made by 
J. ('. Ilackleman of the Missouri Expe¬ 
riment Station : 
“Always select seed corn iu the field 
before frosts and freezes injure it. Scoop- 
shovel selection, or eveu more careful 
crib picking next Spring will be especially 
fatal if frost injures the corn this -Fall. 
“When the harvest is on and you be¬ 
gin to gather tin crop, you cannot tell 
which ears matured early and would i»c 
likely to produce an early crop that will 
avoid frost next year. You are too busy 
to study seed ears, anyhow, when trying 
to put as many bushels as possible into 
the crib each day. 
“Only in the field is it possible to know 
whether an ear is large because it was 
produced on the only stalk in the hill and 
so had more than its share of sunshine 
and plant food. Careful experiment sta¬ 
tion tests have shown that the ears which 
are good in spite of having been grown on 
poor soil and in a somewhat crowded 
stand are more productive than those on 
highly fertile fields or in thin stands. 
“Only in the field can you tell whether 
the ear was too high or too low on the 
stalk, and whether it stood so erect that 
the Fall rains would enter the husks and 
spoil the ear. Ears that stand almost 
erect will be materially injured in case of a 
prolonged rainy Fall even though no frosts 
or freezes should come before the corn is 
harvested. If the corn should be frozen 
before harvesting and when it is still wet 
from a cold rain, it is not unreasonable to 
think some of it would be killed. Ears 
that have a longer shank and point down 
are much better. 
“Ear height is important not only be¬ 
cause the lower ears are more convenient 
to harvest, but also because prolonged ex¬ 
periments have proved that low ears are 
generally earlier in maturing than the 
high ears. Therefore, select the ears that 
appear on the stalk from three to four 
feet high and unconsciously, but surely, 
the ear height and maturity of your corn 
will be influenced.” 
Every precaution should be taken to de¬ 
stroy the smutted ears and stalks. Some¬ 
times when corn is grown year after ,vear 
on the same ground the disease becomes 
very bad and in such cases the only thing 
to do is to plant other crops, and give 
the land two or three years of change be¬ 
fore corn is planted again. In this way 
the disease is held in check. The truth 
is that this is a germ disease, as we have 
stated, and can be avoided only through 
destroying the smutted ears as fast as 
they are discovered. 
THE MAILBAG 
Corn Smut—What Is It? 
Would von explain the reason of smut 
in corn?' Is it possible to grow corn 
without smut appearing in it. it so, 
how? I am sure this question will inter¬ 
est many farmers. I have asked this 
question of many successful farmers, and 
honestly I do not believe a single one 
knew himself. w. F - 
Connecticut. 
Corn smut is a disease propagated by 
germs or spores which are carried through 
the air in the field from one plant to 
another. Many farmers have heard about 
the smut of oats aud wheat, and the 
methods of treating the seed grain so as 
to prevent this disease. They conclude 
therefore that by curing the seed corn 
the smut can be prevented. Not so, as 
the disease iu corn is a very different 
proposition from that on the small grain. 
In the wheat or oats the germs of the 
disease are found on the grain. When 
the seed sprouts in the soil and begins to 
develop into a plant these disease germs 
get busy and develop inside the plant, 
forming in the grain as it becomes ripe. 
Therefore, by soaking the seed in a solu¬ 
tion of one pint of formalin iu 60 gal¬ 
lons of water the disease germs on the 
seed will be destroyed and the smut will 
not develop. With corn smut, however, 
the situation is different. The germs are 
not usually found upon the grain, and 
there is litle danger from planting the 
seed. The disease is carried over Win¬ 
ter on diseased ears or bunches of smut 
which fall from the stalks upon the 
ground. Instead of working from the 
seed up through the plant the germs come 
from the outside. They light upon the 
young ear and as it grows develop into 
the disgusting black bunches which are 
often seen upon the stalk. There is 
no way absolutely to prevent the dis¬ 
ease, but several ways of avoiding it 
largely. Smutted ears should be picked 
off wherever jiossible and burned; they 
should not be left upon the ground or 
fed to stock or left in the manure. They 
will live over in the manure pile, and 
when spread on the ground in this way 
may develop and spread the disease. 
Red and Alsike Clover. 
From a five-acre piece where a heavy 
crop of potatoes grew last year 1 took a 
fine lot of Alsike clover about the 8th 
of July. Though Mammoth clover was 
seeded with the other, hardly a head was 
to be seen, and the Alsike was very thick 
and fine. Now in September this field is 
a mass of Red clover blossoms, and no 
Alsike to be seen. It will yield the heav¬ 
iest crop of rowen chat I have ever cut 
and will probably be cured under cap, 
unless we can get three days’ good 
weather/something rare since the middle 
of June. G. S. P. 
Maine. 
Hay Slings for Efficiency. 
I think “H. W. C.’s answer on page 
1054 in regard to slings vs. harpoon 
forks covers the question, excepting the 
labor involved in each. The labor in¬ 
volved in mowing away in the barn from 
the harpoon is much harder than with 
slings. There is only one case where 
I think the harpoon would be preferred 
to slings and that is where one intends 
to install unloaders in medium or low 
roof barn. In that case with harpoon 
• me can get more hay in barn than with 
slings. In all other cases slings are far 
more desirable for efficiency, for with 
them everything can be drawn that would 
he desired as bundles, hay, beans, etc., 
whereas the harpoon is practically only 
for hay. F. j. H. 
East Bethany, N. l r . 
Vetch and Rye. 
Regarding the article on page 1090 
about rye and vetch going down, I would 
say that from my experience here, there 
was perhaps too large a proportion of 
vetch to the rye. I have grown rye and 
vetch for seed for five years and find 
that in spots where the vetch has shelled 
badly the previous year and comes up 
thicker the following year, it seems to 
smother out some of the rye and pull 
down the rest so that it cannot be cut 
with a binder. Our best results are ob¬ 
tained here on rather light soil from sow¬ 
ing four to five pecks to the acre of mixed 
rye and vetch seed with the vetch not 
over 20 per cent to 25 per cent. The use 
of 200 pounds to the acre of a phosphate 
and potash fertilizer doesn’t make any 
difference with us about the vines going 
down. H. b. 
Nunica, Mich. 
What is the proper time to cut rye for 
hay in the Spring? Also when to cut oats 
and peas planted together? A. K. 
Valatie, N. Y. 
Our plan is to cut the young rye in the 
Spring as the heads come into bloom. Do 
not wait until the seed has formed in the 
heads, for the rye straw is so tough that 
when left until this happens the fodder 
will not be relished by the cattle. Oats 
on the other hand are softer, and may be 
left until the soft grain forms before cut¬ 
ting. We should cut the oats and peas 
for forage, when the grain is so soft in the 
head that a soft white milk is squeezed 
out when the grain is crushed. Another 
test for cutting the oats and peas for hay 
is to wait until the little peas begin to be 
formed in the pod. Do not wait until 
they are hard, but when they are first 
seen and are soft. 
Old-fashioned Hay Making. 
I wrote the account of a day’s work 
in a Maine hayfield, page 1106, and it 
was surely a good day’s wox-k, though 
why people doing business on that scale 
should call 1,500 pounds of hay a “two- 
horse load” is hard for a practical farmer 
to understand. About 15 years ago I was 
farming on the shores of Lake Memphre¬ 
nt agog, in the extreme north of this 
State, on a large farm, my father and I 
doing the work without much help. To 
finish haying we hired a neighbor and his 
team to help us, and for four days our 
program was like this: I ran the mower 
pretty steadily most of the day. Father 
ran the horse rake with a sprightly Mor¬ 
gan mare, and we both put in what time 
we could in helping a third man tumble 
the hay into forkfuls. The neighbor with 
team and two men to pitch on for him 
and mow away the hay in the barn, drew 
in 14 loads the first day, 14 the second, 
12 the third and 12 the fourth, making 
52 loads put in the barn in the four days. 
About five years later I was haying ou 
the farm of a relative, and in one day’s 
work, between breakfast and a six o’clock 
supper, with an under-sized, skinny lit¬ 
tle Frenchman to pitch on and mow 
away for me, I drew and put in the barn 
16 loads of Timothy hay. The field 
sloped gently from the far end to the 
barn, which was just at the end of the 
field. The hay was heavy, so that each 
time he went to the end of the field, 
turned and came back across one side 
we had a full load when we got across, 
or to the barn. The barn had a good 
deep bay, so the hay was easily and 
quickly thrown off, and, best of all. the 
team knew their business and would 
“gee” or “haw” at the word, saving me 
many steps and much time in driving. 
We did not waste any time or profanity 
on hay-loaders or horse-forks, but went 
When you write advertisers mention 
The U. N.-Y. and you'll gee a quick 
repiy and a "square deal.” See guaran¬ 
tee editorial page. : : : : 
Coming Farmers’ Meetings. 
N. 
Trenton Inter-State Fair, Trenton 
J., Sept. 27-Oet. 2. 
Provincial Exposition and Horse Show, 
Westminster, B. Sept. 28-Oct. 2. 
International Dry Farming Congress, 
Denver, Colo., Oct. 4-7. 
American Royal Live Stock Show, 
Kansas City, Mo., Oct. 4-9. 
Breeders’ Consignment Sale, Ilolsteins, 
Syracuse, N. Y„ Oct. 12-15. 
International Wheat Show and Expo¬ 
sition, Wichita, Kan., Oct. 4-14. 
New England Fruit Show, Mechanics’ 
Building, Boston, Mass., Oct. 23-30. 
Fifth annual apple show. Indiana Hor¬ 
ticultural Society, Indianapolis, Nov. 
6-13. 
Chrysanthemum Society of America, 
annual show, Cleveland, Ohio, Nov. 10- 
14, 1915. Special show, San Francisco, 
Cal. 
Liverpool Sale and Pedigree Company’s 
eighth sale. Ilolsteins, Syracuse, N. Y., 
Nov. 15-16. 
l’atersou Poultry Association, annual 
show, Paterson, N. J., Nov. 16-20. 
Liverpool Sale and Pedigree Company’s 
Holstein sale, Earlville, N. Y., Nov. 
17-18. 
International Live Stock Exposition, 
Chicago, Nov. 27-Dec. 4. 
Berks Corn Contest. Reading, Pa., Dec. 
24. 
Reading Pigeon and Poultry Associa¬ 
tion, annual show, Reading, Pa., Dec. 
6 - 11 . 
Pacific International Live Stock Ex¬ 
position, No. Portland, Ore.. Dec. 6-11. 
Annual Corn and Grain Show, Tracy, 
Minn., Jan. 3-8, 1916. 
Vermont State Poultry Association an¬ 
nual show, St. Albans, Vt., Jan. 18-21, 
1916. 
National Western Stock Show, Den¬ 
ver, Colo., Jan. 17-22, 1916. 
National Feeders’ and Breeders, Show, 
Fort Worth, Tex., March 11-17, 1916. 
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Vertical Farming 
PROVED 
BY 
Effects of 
Orchard 
Blasting 
with 
IN DUG HOLE 
RED CROSS 
FARM POWDER 
Uiese cuts are made from photos 
showing comparative growth of pear 
trees from Spring of 1913 , 
to Aug. 1.1914, Bellemont^^W^ 
Orchards, Inc., Norfolk, Va, * 
BLASTED GROUND 
ALL progressive farmers and orchardists know that trees planted 
il in blasted ground grow much faster than those planted in the 
old way and bear fruit earlier. 
This proves the truth of the principles of Vertical Farming, which 
aims to cultivate downward as well as to till the top soil. 
Three years ago tree planting in blasted holes was experimental— 
now millions of trees are set out by the Vertical Farming method 
every spring and fall. 
In like manner, blasting the subsoil to increase general crop yields, 
now regarded as experimental, will in a few years, be common. 
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