1202 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
October 2, 1915. 
Live Stock and Dairy 
What is a Purebred ? 
I would like to know about crossing 
purebred cattle with grades or scrubs, as 
for instance mating a grade cow with a 
purebred Holstein sire. Would it produce 
a half-bred Holstein? By mating that 
calf with a purebred Holstein sire would 
it produce a three-quarter-bred Holstein, 
and the next seven-eighths, the next 
fifteen-sixteenths, and so on. How long 
would it be, or rather how many times 
would it be necessary to cross with pure¬ 
bred stock before one would have an ani¬ 
mal eligible to registry? it. h. 
Michigan. 
We have had this matter up for dis¬ 
cussion a good many times. The general 
understanding of a purebred animal is 
one whose ancestors on both sides have 
either been registered in one of the cattle 
herd books or are eligible to registry. 
Some pure-blood animals are not recorded 
in this way for one reason or another, but 
it would be possible to prove that they 
are eligible to registry, if their ancestors 
were on record. Such an animal as you 
describe as the result of a number of gen¬ 
erations of breeding to a purebred sire 
would not be eligible to registry, for it 
will be impossible to find any ancestors 
on the mother’s side which had been ad¬ 
mitted to the herd book, and until such 
ancestors could be found the animal 
would not be recorded as of pure blood. 
She might be so close to the description 
of a full-blooded animal that no one could 
tell the difference. She might also be 
fully equal or even superior at producing 
milk, butter, or beef to most of the pure 
blood, yet she could not be registered for 
the reason, as we have stated, that a reg¬ 
istered animal must have both sire and 
dam on record in the herd books. Some 
of the newer strains or go-called breeds of 
cattle such as the Polled Durhams or 
Polled Herefords have, as we understand, 
admitted a number of animals which 
could not be registered in the old herd 
books. For example, there is a family or 
breed of Jerseys called the Polled Jersey 
because they are naturally hornless. J:i 
starting this family or strain, it was pos¬ 
sible to find a few purebred Jerseys which 
were naturally hornless, and which 
stamped that characteristic upon most of 
their offspring. In order to establish the 
breed, however, as rapidly and surely as 
possible, we understand that some high 
grade Jerseys not eligible to registry, yet 
with a large proportion of Jersey blood, 
were used in developing this strain. Most 
of these cattle were of good quality and in 
appearance were like pure-blood Jerseys, 
but they could not have been registered in 
the A. J. C. C. records. As foundation 
animals for starting the new strain of 
hornless cattle they were accepted. 
Keep More Live Stock. 
[The University of Wisconsin sends 
out the following article by Dr. W. A. 
Henry and F. B. Morrison. It is a 
strong, condensed statement of the need 
of more live stock on our farms:] 
The animals of the farm should be re¬ 
garded as living factories that are con¬ 
tinuously converting their food into prod¬ 
ucts useful to man A fact of great eco¬ 
nomic importance is that a large part of 
the food they consume is of such charac¬ 
ter that humans cannot directly utilize 
it themselves. Among the products 
yielded by the farm animals are not only 
articles of human diet, such as meat, 
milk, and eggs, but also such materials 
as wool, mohair and hides, which are 
needed for clothing and other purposes. 
Another product of greater aggregate 
money value than any one of these is 
the work performed by horses and other 
draft animals. Altogether, the farm an¬ 
imals of the United States yield each 
year products worth over $5,000,000,000. 
a sum nearly as great as the value of all 
the crops annually harvested on our 
farms. 
As the population of our country be¬ 
comes more dense, most naturally and 
properly a smaller portion of the crops 
raised will be fed to animals and a larger 
part consumed directly by humans. This 
change must come with the increased de¬ 
mand for human food, since even high- 
producing animals are able to convert 
only a part of the feed they eat into food 
for our consumption. Accordingly, with 
our increasing population, we should ex¬ 
pect the census statistics to show that the 
number of animals on our farms was 
failing in some small degree to keep pace 
with the increase in people. The actual 
decrease in farm animals compared with 
population is, however, surprising. While 
the population of the United States in¬ 
creased 21 per cent during the decade 
1900 to 1910, the number of cattle and 
sheep decreased, and the number of swine 
increased but slightly. This indicates 
that if animal products are to hold their 
present important place in the diet of our 
people, American farmers must more 
thoroughly appreciate the basic advan¬ 
tages of stock farming and better under¬ 
stand the principles and methods which 
are essential to its success. 
Lured by the high prices which have 
ruled for grain and other crops in recent 
years, many farmers all over the coun¬ 
try have sold their crops for cash, rather 
than following the wiser plan of market¬ 
ing a portion through the feeding of live 
stock, and thereby maintaining a bal¬ 
anced agriculture. Seldom have they 
realized that with every ton of grain thus 
sold they are removing from their farms 
$7 to $8 worth of fertility. The loss 
through such mining of the soil is grad¬ 
ual, but in a comparatively few years 
there will result none the less surely 
worn out fields, lacking in plant food and 
humus, which must ever afterwards be 
fed with fertilizers to secure fair crops. 
On the other hand, if a part of the crops 
are fed to live stock and proper care 
taken of the resulting manure, most of 
the fertility may be retained on the farm, 
and the need of commercial fertilizers 
long delayed. Under intensive stock 
farming, where more or less milling by¬ 
products rich in fertilizing constituents 
are usually purchased and fed on the 
farm, the land will even become richer 
and more productive year by year. 
Live Stock Quarantine Changes. 
The stockyards at Buffalo, N. Y., and 
Pittsburgh, Pa., are to be released from 
quarantine against the foot-and-mouth 
disease on shipments of live stock coming 
from areas where no quarantine exists. 
The order of the Department of Agricul¬ 
ture freeing the stockyards becomes ef¬ 
fective September 2, 1915. Shipments 
originating in quarantined areas cannot 
enter these yards but must be shipped 
directly, for immediate slaughter, to 
abattoirs having federal inspection. 
Cutting Silo Corn. 
The proper time for cutting corn into 
the silo is when it is quite well matured, 
or at the glazing state. Corn siloed too 
green is apt to be too acid and lacking in 
feeding value. Corn cur and allowed to 
stand or dried corn would need water, the 
amount of water would depend on how 
dry th<> corn is. However, one need not 
be afraid to use a good stream running in 
the blower if the corn has dried consider¬ 
ably. I have filled my silos with corn so 
dry that I used a three-fourths-inch 
stream of water running into the blower 
and the silage came out in fine shape. 
Hillsdale, N. Y. c. L. M. 
Number of Cows to Pasture. —If I 
had but one acre of Timothy and clover 
and wanted to get the most out of it I 
would keep two cows and stake them out. 
If let run at large they will tramp down 
as much as they will eat. Conditions 
would have to be good to keep more than 
one cow to the acre at large. c. l. m. 
Hillsdale, N. Y. 
Size of Stalls. —A stall for an 1.100- 
pound horse should be at least eight feet 
long from the manger to the heel post, 
and five feet in width. For a dairy cow 
of average size where a gutter is installed, 
four feet, eight inches from the stanchion 
point to the edge of the gutter would be 
appropriate. The gutter should be 14 
inches wide and eight inches deep, and the 
width of the cow stall should be three 
feet six inches. 
Coming Live Stock Sales. 
Medina Holstein Sale, Medina, O., Oct. 
7. 1915. 
The Breeders’ Consignment ISth Sale, 
Syracuse. N. Y., Oct. 12-13. 
The Michigan Consignment Sale Co., 
Ilowell, Mich., Oct. 14, 1915. 
Berkshire Swine Sale, Tompkins Farm, 
I.ansdale, Pa.. Oct. 14. 
Holstein Sale, Cortland, N. Y., Oct. 
15-16. 
The Lenawee Countv 2d Sale, Adrian, 
Mich., Oct. 22, 1915. 
The 7th Consignment Sale, Syracuse, 
N. Y„ Nov. 15-16, 1915. 
The first Earlville Holstein Sale, Lari- 
vine, N. Y„ Nov. 17-18. 
Holstein Sale, Madison Square Garden, 
New York, Dec. 15-16. 
When you write advertisers mention The R. 
N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
BUY YOUR FEEDS DIRECT MONEY 
Mill foods, Grain, Cottonseed, Gluten. Ask Prices. 
BARTLETT CO., - Jackson, Mich. 
SALE—""O' 1 o" huiuui JOHN 
FOR SALE—Milch Goats and Mature Tog. Bucks 
J. G. GREENE, - K. 3, Rochester, N.Y. 
Registered Chester White Pigs 
7 weeks’ old. Price, $5. 
Hilltop Farm, R. F. D. 1. Box 12, Shavertown, N. Y. 
Y oung registered Berkshire boar— proven desirable 
breeder; high class; almost pork price for imme¬ 
diate sale. Also few choice young pigs. Don’t delay. 
Pedigree Eerkshiresat bargains. TWIN ORCHARDS, Vestal, N.Y. 
SWINE 
Branford Farms Berkshires 
Headed by the following GREAT BOARS : 
LEE PREMIERS RIVAL 
BRANFORD ARTFUL RIVAL 
LEE PREMIERS’ MASTERPIECE 
HOPEFUL LEE’S SUCCESSOR 
We are now offering bred and open sows— 
Service boars and pigs, both sexes. Buy a 
sow bred to. or a pig by Lee Premier's Rival, 
the greatest boar we ever owned. Bred, raised 
and owned by Branford Farms. Daughtersof 
his will be bred to Branford Artful Rival, the 
boar who did such good work for A. J. Love- 
joy & Son. Satisfaction guaranteed. Specify 
your desires, and we will endeavor to meet 
them. Visitors always welcome. 
Branford Farms, Groton, Conn. 
DON’T FAIL TO ATTEND THE 
GREAT DISPERSAL SALE OF 
REGISTERED BERKSHIRE 
SWINE 
SIIEE HP 
RAMB0UILLETS 
FOR SALE 
We have a few first class 
Yearling Rams and Ewes 
bred directly from our own importa¬ 
tion from 
BARON VON HOMEYER 
Markham & Puffer, Avon, N. Y. 
DELAINE RAMS-^,Xod an ones. 
WEATHERBY& 
mutton eombina- 
Priced low. 
SON, Trumansburg, N. Y 
Pleasant Ridge Stock Farm •];* „u' in ?>f th Ram- 
bouilett, Dorset, Liucoln.Cotswoldand Cheviot Rams 
and Ewes ever offered. Also Poland, Duroc aim Es¬ 
sex sows and boars, all ages Prices right. Satis¬ 
faction guaranteed. D. H. TOWNSEND 8 SON, Lodi, N Y 
to be held on 
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 14TH, 1915 at 
1 o’clock P. M. at 
TOMPKINS Farm, Lansdale, Penna. 
65 Head of high class slock will be sold in. 
eluding. Herd boars. Bred sows, sows with 
litters, bred gilts, and young open gilts. 
Write for Catalogue 
LARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHW00D 
Eight young bred sows, sold by us to William Riis, 
of Buenos Aires, Argentina, farrowed seventy-one 
live pigs, their first litters; after being on shipboard 
sixty days and traveling 9,OnO miles. Selected boars 
and bred sows for sale. H.CJH.B. Harpending, Dundee, N.T 
Buy Your Boar Now 
Between Thanksgiving and Christmas I will be 
besieged by buyers looking for boars fit for imme¬ 
diate service. While 1 probably will lie able to satis¬ 
fy their requirements, they will have been picked 
over considerably. Better buy now so that Mr. 
■ Man will feel at home and have his mind on busi¬ 
ness when the busy season conies. 
K. Y. liDCKLEY, Woodrow Farm, Broad Axe, Pa 
Springbank Berkshires 
Nothing for sale but big March and April PIGS. 
J. E. WATSON, . Marbledale, Conn 
EerKsliires 
Bargains iu boars all ages; sows bred or open. 
Sep;, pigs. $ 10 . Best breeding, type and quality. 
H. M. TERWILLIGER, - Kirkville, N. Y. 
Purebred Berkshire BoarT.'S, 
imliviihial. TROY CHEMICAL CO.'S FARM. Binoliamlon.H.Y. 
RFRK9HIRF9— The long, deep, heavy, bone type. 
DLfiiXOninLO (U-own for breedersand guaranteed as 
represented. Prices light. A. C. HOOPER, Bozman, Md. 
CEW CHOICE PUREBRED BERKSHIRE SOWS AND BOARS 
r from last spring's litters, $10 each but worth $15. 
CLOVERDALE FARM, CHARLOTTE, N.Y. 
For Sale- Berkshire and 0.1. C. Swine 
two to twelve months of age. Good breeding. Ex¬ 
cellent individuals. Prices reasonable. Satisfaction 
guaranteed. TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE FLATS, N Y. 
Pedigree Chester Whiles .’EV'gC'iX* 
Ridgely Manor Farm, - Stone Ridge, N. Y. 
O. I. C. WHITES-Sh r ,‘".,vra 
pigs. '1 hev give s a t i s f a e t i o n. WAYSIDE 
FARM, CHATHAM, N. J. Address A. L. 
Page, (Owner), 63 Cortlandlf St., N. Y. City 
RegisteredDurocYearling Boars ^°"g d e e or 
for sale. Price, $30each. OGDEN FARMS. Kinderhook, N.Y. 
REGISTERED 0.1. C.’*-?,*? iSrt.K 
prolific stock. NELSON N. ALEXANDER, Harriman, N. Y. 
O. I. C.'S—BRED GILTS—$25 
Boars, 3 months, $10; four months, $12. Pigs, 2 
months, $ 8 . Herbert Halth, Manlius, N. Y. 
0.1. C/s & Chester Whites 
Choice service boars, gilts, bred sows, pigs 
for immediate shipment. Trios at 2 mos., 
$25; at 3 mos., $40. All stock registered. 
Large, Healthy, Prolific parent stock. 
VICTOR FARMS, . liellvale, New York 
S HELDON FARM REGISTERED I)CROCS 
Pigs of both sex. Bred sows. Service boars. 
Best of breeding C, E. BARNES, Oxford, N.Y. 
Registered Yearling Shropshire Rams 
Also Ewes. Beet of breeding. Prices right. 
J. A. LEGERWOOD, . Hall, N. Y. 
Registered Shropshiresiggff 
I F you want to buy the best SHROPSHIRE 
or SOUTHDOWN SHEEP. Send for “book¬ 
let” and prices. NIAGARA STOCK FARM, Lewiston, N Y. 
rpRamc «"d ram lambs. A'so. 
c ltd 1113 25 good ewes for sale. 
SONS, - Wilson, N. Y. 
sale— Registered Hampshire Ram “g 
cockerels. G. Hrundage, Salisbury Mills, N.Y. 
Hampshire-Down 
Ewes forsale. Write forprices. ellis tiger. Gladstone, n.j. 
Registered Shropshi 
E. E. STEVENS & 
HORSES 
250 Mules for Sale 
I now have 250 Mules for private sale, consisting of 
four months’ old mule colts. Yearling mules, two 
i year old green mules, and broken mules of all sizes 
and age. Come to see my stock; they are for sale 
at my stables in York. Pa. JOE KINDIG. 
EXCELLENT FAMILY MARE FOR SALE 
Also harness and surrey. Mare is sound, kind, 
true anywhere; an extra driver. Weighs Lino 
■and in foal t<> Keg. Percheron stallion. Price. $250; 
includes surre\ and harness in good condition. 
L. C. LITCHFIELD, . Middlebury, Yt. 
Highland View Stock Farm 
Our barns are filled with the best Percheron and 
Belgians at the lowest prices 
0. N. WILSON, Prop., - Kittanning, Pa. 
FOR Q A I 17—Thoroughbred Percheron Mare 
1 '-'IN sJ/Al-iI-i Colts foaled in 1913, (Spring.) 
R. Grace, La Grangeville, Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
FOR SALE A Very Fine Cob-;“”=*”r.ffl'. k ,;* 
lion—weight 9151bs. For further particulars write to 
George A. McKeeu, Farmington Falls, Me. 
100 Percheron and Belgian Stallions 
MARES AND HOLSTEIN CATTLE. 
Also SHETLAND PONIES. Free circular. 
A. W. GREEN, . Middlefleld, Ohio 
Doss and Ferrets 
Excellent 
AirpHfllpTprriprq“ M!lle p«ps. $to each. 
AllcUalc lemurs pedigree. Eligible to register. 
J. GUY LESIIER, - Northumberland, Pa. 
OORANG AIRED ALESln^“t r Lo e wp,Ices: 
COMPO KENNELS, Greens Farms, Conn. 
AIREDALE PUPS 
five months old; with pedigree. Cheap. 
G. F. KIMBALL, - W ells River, Vt. 
IIPCDAI C DIIDQ -From registered stock. Hollis 
AlntUALC rUro Kennels, Halladay, Bedford, Mas*. 
Pnllin D.in« — The intelligent kind. Also Blood- 
GOIlie rUpS hounds. Nelson’s, Grove City, Pa. 
FnYhmmHo - Dogs, Bitches, Pups. Pedigreed. Guar 
rUAIIUUIIUS jmteed. FieldFoxhound Kennels,Somers,Conn. 
For Sale-Fine Airedale Puppies^Lwre,c a oS 
FERRETS FOR SALE 
Booklet and price list free. 
DU ROCS SERE iso 
$14pair, notnkin. Ped. Write 
WEEKS, De Graff, Ohio 
FOR PURE BRED TAMW0RTH SWINE 
write or visit WESTVIEW STOCK FARM, R. 
E. D. No. 1, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 
FERRETS FOR SALE~ r f r f° sae 
C. D. MURRAY', - It. 3, New London, Ohio 
F^ri-ntc frar^alfa - Either color, large or 
r erreis loroalc small; mated pairs or dozen 
lots. Choice stock. C. H. Keefer & Co . Greenwich, Ohio 
Insure Bigger Pig Profits jfp 
Buy Jersey Reds—they pay best. Turn any common 
feed into uncommonly fine meat, most desired by 3S 
packing houses. My free Book of Facts tells jflf. 
how to raise hogs that average ^ I 
300 to 375 pounds in 9 months ! y 
Write for it today. 
ARTHUR J. COLLINS Box 1 1 Moorestown, N. J 
