1214 
be used upon (he soil. This may he done in sev¬ 
eral ways. 
METHODS OF SAVING LIQUIDS.—First, an 
abundance of bedding or litter should he used so as 
to hold the liquids by absorption. Any clean sub¬ 
stance that will absorb the liquids and hold them 
should be used freely under the stock. Where the 
manure is not hauled out every day and spread on 
the field, some form of watertight floor should be 
used under the manure pile. There should be either 
a cement floor to hold these liquids securely, or the 
manure should be put on a solid clay floor, pounded 
down firmly so as to hold water, and then scooped 
out into a dish shape, so that it will be held secure¬ 
ly. We cannot be too careful this Winter in prevent¬ 
ing the loss of these liquids, for we see that when 
we feed to a cow one ton of clover hay and three 
tons of corn silage we give her nearly 50 pounds 
of potash, and 00 per cent, of this is put into the 
manure. We cannot afford to throw any quantity 
of this valuable potash away, and this year more 
than ever there will be a great value for every 
pound of potash that comes out of the stable. 
POUNDS IX ONE TOX. 
Nitrogen 
Phos. Acid 
Potash 
Alfalfa Hay . 
49 
10 
42 
Barley . 
85 
15 
10 
Beans . 
so 
24 
26 
Clover Hay. 
42 
10 
25 
Corn Grain. 
38 
13 
S 
Buckwheat Grain. .. 
30 
12 
6 
Oats Grain. 
40 
16 
12 
Potatoes . 
7 
9 
O 
10 
Turnips . 
. 5 
2 
9 
Timothy Hay . 
25 
11 
20 
Corn Fodder. 
20 
6 
28 
Barley Strew . 
12 
4 
22 
Buckwheat Straw.. 
25 
3 
23 
Oats Straw . 
12 
4 
25 
Rve Straw. 
10 
6 
17 
Wheat Straw . 
10 
3 
12 
Corn Silage. 
6 
O 
o 
7 
Wheat Grain. 
40 
17 
10 
Getting Rid of Trespassers. 
My farm lies but a short distance from a city. The 
people from this place bother me very much in Sum¬ 
mer. by crossing my land, and breaking down my 
fences.' This allows my stock to get out of pasture, 
and in some cases has done much damage,, besides 
causing me much trouble and loss of time, in going 
after the stock and fixing fences. In. Winter, these 
same people come up and cut valuable hemlock and 
cedar trees for Christmas. This year I was damaged 
to the extent of over one hundred dollars, and last year 
a like amount. These same people only laugh at me, 
because I cannot arrest them. I must post my farm 
and get a constable or deputy sheriff here to arrest 
these parties on the premises, and it will soon stop 
all further trespassing. Kindly advise me how to pro¬ 
ceed, and just what the law says in regard to this 
matter. I want to be explicit, and when I arrest a 
man, not to have any “hitch” in the proceedings. If 
I should put up signs: “Private Property, Keep Off.” 
and sign my name, would more bo required? If I am 
able to make a few arrests, and convictions, and get it 
“aired” in one of the city papers, I will not be likely 
to have any further trouble. F. J. K. 
New York. 
F IRST. Post your land thoroughly, and, if pos¬ 
sible, get your neighbors to do likewise. The 
sign you mention will answer. 
Second. A person commits a misdemeanor who 
wilfully 
1. Cuts down, destroys or injures any wood or tim¬ 
ber standing or growing, or which has been cut down 
and is lying on lands of another, or of the people of 
the State; or 
2. Cuts down, girdles or otherwise injures a fruit, 
shade or ornamental tree standing on the lands of an¬ 
other, or of the people of the State; or 
8. Severs from the freehold of another, or of the peo¬ 
ple of the State, any produce thereof, or any thing at¬ 
tached thereto; or 
4. Enters without the consent of the owner or occu¬ 
pant any orchard, fruit garden, vineyard or ground 
whereon is cultivated any fruit, with intent to take, 
injure or destroy any thing there growing or grown; or 
5. Cuts down, destroys or in any way injures any 
shrub, tree or vine being or growing within any such 
orchard, garden, vineyard or upon any such ground, or 
any building, frame work or erection thereon. (Penal 
Code Sec. 1425.) 
Therefore the person who takes cedar trees from 
your land is guilty of a misdemeanor. 
Third. A private person may arrest another for a 
crime (this includes misdemeanor) committed or 
attempted in his presence. Before making the ar¬ 
rest the trespasser must be informed of the cause 
and required to submit, except when he is in the 
actual commission of the crime or when he is ar¬ 
rested on pursuit immediately after its commission. 
The culprit must without unnecessary delay be taken 
before a magistrate or delivered to a peace officer. 
This gives you authority to arrest the person found 
on your land doing damage. 
Fourth. To use or attempt, or offer to use, force 
or violence upon or towards the person of another 
is not unlawful when committed either by the per¬ 
son about to be injured or by another person in his 
aid or defense, in preventing or attempting to pre¬ 
vent a trespass or other unlawful interference with 
real or personal property in his lawful possession, 
if the force or violence used is not more than that 
sufficient to prevent such offense (Penal Code, Sec. 
THE RURAL* N E W-YORKER 
246). This is authority for you to use all the 
force necessary to defend yourself if attacked by the 
wrongdoer. 
You should proceed, then, about as follows: Post 
your land. Wait till you find a trespasser stealing 
property, arrest him, take him before a justice of 
the peace immediately and have him prosecuted for 
a misdemeanor, and then if he is worth anything, 
sue him in a civil action for the damage done. 
M. D. 
Raising Geese in Indiana. 
N this community poultry is one of the valuable 
products. No one has gone into the business on 
an extensive scale, as most of the work is managed 
by farm women with numerous other duties to per¬ 
form. Through the influence of our experiment sta- 
tion poultry raisers have learned to use better feed¬ 
ing methods and to keep accurate accounts of cost 
of feed used. We had an average yield of wheat 
here this year, but many of the women can show 
by their books that they cleared more money on 
poultry than their husbands on their wheat crop. 
Dry-picking Geese. Fig. 459. 
Poultry on a farm pick up a great amount of grain 
and other waste that would he lost. They are also 
great factors in the destruction of insects. Chick¬ 
ens are more generally raised than other poultry, 
but I believe that geese bring in quicker money 
and do not require nearly as much equipment. 
Mrs. Rainey Williams of Haubstadt, Ind., had 22 
goslings hatched the latter part of March from 25 
eggs. Two of these died the first day, but the others 
grew like weeds. They ran with the old goose and 
were fed crushed corn and whole wheat from the 
start. Geese need pasture more than any other 
kind of poultry. These had free range on Blue 
grass from the time they were old enough to follow. 
After thrashing they were turned on the wheat 
stubble and grew very fat on stray heads and shat¬ 
tered grain left in the field. The last of June they 
Cleaning Geese After Scalding. Fig. 460. 
were picked the first tim#, yielding five pounds of 
feathers. After this they were picked twice, then 
put up in a small enclosure with a dry well-strawed 
shed in one end, to fatten. As a goose will not eat 
too much, shelled corn, water and grit was kept 
before them constantly for 80 days. They con¬ 
sumed 11 bushels of corn in this time. 
On December 10 the geese were dressed in this 
manner: They were hung, head down on a pole so 
that they could not bruise themselves flopping. 
After being killed by a blow a small knife was 
thrust into the head to bleed them. As soon as dead 
they were picked as clean as possible of all market¬ 
able feathers and down. Each goose when picked 
was rubbed thoroughly with powdered rosin. After 
dipping in scalding water all the down could be 
rubbed off, leaving the dressed bird nice and smooth. 
By looking at the pictures one can see in Fig 4G0 
(he geese being cleaned after they have been rosined 
and scalded in a kettle of hot water. Fig. 459 
shows them picking the dead geese of dry feathers, 
while in the background the birds are shown hung 
by the neck with their wings bound close to the 
body. In this manner four inexperienced hands 
October 9, 1915. 
dressed 21 head in half a day. These geese were 
of the large White Toulouse variety, and averaged 
when dressed 17% pounds. Eleven bushels of corn 
used in fattening cost $0.05. Mrs. Williams did not 
know how to price the amount of grain eaten dur¬ 
ing the growing period accurately, but was confident 
it did not cost over $5. The four pickings of feath¬ 
ers weighing 20% pounds at 50 cents per pound 
brought $11.27. As the price of dressed geese was 
IS cents this lot brought $58.72. Sixty cents worth 
of rosin was used in dressing. Summarizing, the 
expense was $11.65; the price obtained for dressed 
birds and feathers $69.99, leaving a profit of $58.94. 
The work of caring for these was done in connection 
with other housewife duties on the average farm. 
Gibson Co., Ind. e. Thompson. 
Burning the Sawdust. 
I have at least 500 loads of sawdust which I have 
to move. Can I treat this any way so I can use it 
as a fertilizer, or would it be better to burn and scat¬ 
ter ashes? L. s. 
Groton, N. Y. 
F this pile of sawdust must be moved and carted 
any great distance it would probably pay better 
to burn it where it stands and apply the ashes as a 
fertilizer. Fresh sawdust often does more harm 
than good in the soil, owing to an acid principle 
which remains until the dust is thoroughly sweet¬ 
ened. Well rotted sawdust can be used as a mulch 
around apple trees with fair results, and the fresher 
dust is often used in connection with lime, so as to 
be quite effective. As a rule, however, we would 
not advise the use of sawdust until it had been 
mixed with the manure or used to absorb the stable 
liquid. In the latter case the sawdust is sweetened 
and made fit for use in the soil. If you have live 
stock enough so that this sawdust can be used as 
bedding and absorbent, and also worked through 
the manure, it may pay to haul and use it, but other¬ 
wise we should consider it more economical to burn 
the sawdust and apply the ashes. A ton of sawdust 
will usually contain about half as much nitrogen 
as a ton of straw, and this would mean about five 
pounds to the ton, worth at present prices some¬ 
thing less than $1. We dislike ever to advise the 
burning of any substance which contains nitrogen 
as that represents a clear loss. In the case of a 
large pile of sawdust, however, where we could not 
advise its use without a double handling or the 
heavy application of lime, it will probably be more 
economical in the end to burn the pile and apply the 
ashes. 
Driving English Sparrows Away. 
Sparrows congregate in large maples overhanging ce¬ 
ment sidewalks in city to such an extent that drop¬ 
pings on walk each morning are so numerous as to 
create a considerable nuisance, and thereby requires 
that walk be washed each morning in order to be at 
all presentable. Same person owns both trees and 
walk. Is there a feasible plan to discourage sparrows 
congregating in the trees? j. s. 
AST year we had quite a discussion of this mat¬ 
ter and many of our readers told of methods 
for cleaning out this pest. By sending to the Agri¬ 
cultural Department at Washington, D. C., you 
can obtain Bulletin No. 383, which has pictures of a 
sparrow trap. This trap will get dozens of the spar¬ 
rows, and when properly carried out this plan of 
trap is a good one. Other plans suggested are pois¬ 
oning the sparrows. This is done by soaking wheat 
or cracked corn in a solution of strychnine. The 
grain is put on a high perch or on a platform up 
in the tree, so as to be out of the way of domestic 
animals. This will kill many of the sparrows but 
other useful birds will be destroyed along with them. 
Another plan suggested was to run an electric 
wire into the tree where the sparrows congregate 
and connect a large number of electric lights close 
where the sparrows are seen at roost. Then hang 
several tin buckets in a bunch connected with a 
rope so that they can be jangled together. At night 
set the lights rapidly on and off and jangle the tin 
buckets as loudly as possible. This will frighten 
most of the birds away and after being disturbed a 
few times they will quit. 
Another plan is to string wires close together on 
a light circuit. Every bird that lights on them will 
touch both wires and be killed, although it will kill 
other birds than the sparrows. A good many of 
our readers told of their experience in shooting Ro¬ 
man candles through the trees where the sparrows 
roost. If this is done several nights in succession 
the sparrows will soon get out. One man told of a 
scheme of putting a cat in a wire cage and hoisting 
him up into a tree when the sparrows were present. 
Then with an adjustment open the door and let him 
out. All sorts of devices were tried, but the Roman 
candle treatment and the poisoning seem to be the 
most effective. 
