1'H IS RURAL NtOW-YOKKIXK 
1217 
Farm Mechanics 
Pumping from Spring. 
I have a spring on my place about 100 
feet away from my house, also about 25 
feet lower than the house. I would like 
to lay one-inch pipe from the house to 
the well with pump in the kitchen. Shall 
I be able to draw the water so far? I 
wish to use a force pump to pump the 
water from the kitchen to the barn, about 
40 feet. H. D. w. 
Pennsylvania. 
Surrounding the earth is a sea or en¬ 
velope of air. This air has weight, and 
presses against all surfaces with a pres¬ 
sure that varies with the elevation. At 
the sea level, under average conditions, 
this pressure is found to be about 15 
pounds per square inch. It is this pres¬ 
sure or weight of the air that causes any 
pump cylinder that is not submerged to 
fill with water, the plunger is raised, 
creating a partial vacuum or “suction” 
under it, and the air pressing on the wa¬ 
ter in the well forces it up into the cylin¬ 
der to restore the balance. 
As the force available to fill the cyl¬ 
inder is limited to a pressure of 15 
cient flow a ram could be made to force 
the water into an overhead tank or a 
pneumatic tank might be used. Either 
system would relieve him from the ne¬ 
cessity of pumping altogether, r. h. s. 
A Concrete Roof. 
I have a nearly flat roof 13x15 cover¬ 
ing an addition to my house, it is cov¬ 
ered with tin but must soon be recovered. 
How would it do to cover it with ce¬ 
ment? If that would do, how thick 
ought the cement to be, and what pro¬ 
portions of sand and cement should I 
»se? D . F. G. 
Crete, Neb. 
This has been successfully done in one 
or two cases, but it is a rather doubtful 
expedient and one which may prove un¬ 
satisfactory. The first requirement is 
that the supporting rafters are in thor¬ 
oughly good condition and sufficiently 
strong to support the added weight of 
the concrete. The walls of the building 
also must be sufficiently strong to bear 
this added weight. The usual method of 
Diagram of Farm Water System. Fig. 462. 
Fire Extinguishers 
Pyrene Saved All of Us 
John hung his coat over the stovepipe to dry 
before he went to bed. 
The fire started two hours later. When we woke 
up the downstairs was ablaze. 
Lucky for me, I had bought a Pyrene Fire Extinguisher 
just two weeks before, and hung it in the hall. I reached 
it quickly, and with a few pumps the fire was 
smothered. 
Pyrene surely did save cur lives. We were all 
trapped upstairs — it was either jump or burn. 
Hereafter you will find a Pyrene on each floor 
of my house and one in every barn. 
Send us the name of your implement or hard¬ 
ware dealer and we will send you a valuable 
book on fires, called “The Vital Five Minutes.” 
Si 
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pounds per square inch it follows that 
the height to which the water can be 
raised is also limited. Theoretically this 
height is very near 34 feet, but in prac¬ 
tice, due to the friction of the water in 
the pipes and other hindering causes, 25 
feet has been found to be about the work¬ 
ing limit, and if this can be reduced the 
pump will work the better. H. D. W. 
states that his water supply is “about 
25 feet lower” than the point where the 
pump is to be placed. The success of 
the installation depends to a great ex¬ 
tent on whether this “about 25 feet” is 
over or under that amount. 
By obtaining a force pump fitted with 
a three-way cock it can be installed in 
the cellar as shown in the cut, and the 
lift reduced quite an appreciable amount, 
as it will bring the cylinder six or eight 
feet nearer to the surface of the water. 
By shifting a lever on the pump head that 
is connected with this three-way cock 
water can be discharged either from the 
pump spout or through an underground 
pipe to the barn at will, and if an over¬ 
head storage tank is used in connection 
with this system a mid-position of the 
valve will permit water to flow by grav¬ 
ity from the tank, and discharge through 
the pump spout. I would not advise the 
use of a smaller pipe between the pump 
and spring than the pump is threaded 
for. This will probably be either 1*4 or 
l^A-inch, and at present will increase the 
cost of the line from $4 to $7, depending 
on which size is used. The pump, how¬ 
ever, will work much easier than it 
would with the smaller size pipe. Where 
the supply pipe is long, as it is in this 
case, it is sometimes continued past the 
pump—the pump connected to it by a 
tee, and a short length of it turned up¬ 
right beside the pump. The top of this 
upright is closed by a plug or cap, and 
forms an air cushion within. This cush¬ 
ions the moving column of water, which 
otherwise would have to be started and 
brought to rest at each stroke of the 
pump handle. This also aids in mak¬ 
ing a smoother easier-working pump. II. 
D. W. speaks of his source of supply as 
,-a spring. If it has sufficient flow or if 
tlhere is a nearby stream providing suffi- 
doing this work is to fasten expanded 
metal or closely woven wire mesh to the 
old roof, taking care that the mesh is sup¬ 
ported at a little distance from the old 
roof, say one-half to three-quarters of an 
inch. To this expanded metal is applied 
two inches or 2*4 inches of concrete, 
mixed in the proportion of one part Port¬ 
land cement, to 2 y 2 parts sand with the 
addition of lime in the proportion of 10 
per cent, by volume of the cement. The 
application of this concrete is done some¬ 
what in the same manner as that used in 
ordinary cement stucco work, care being 
exercised that the concrete is forced 
through the meshes of the metal into 
thorough contact with the wood of the 
old roof. 
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JACOBSON 
MACHINE 
MFG. CO. 
Dept. D 
Warren, 
Pa. 
U. S. A. 
Construction of Cesspool. 
Will you advise as to construction of 
a cesspool in a country village? Also 
what kind of drain pipe to use? I. r. 
Bristol, Me. 
A cesspool is simply a dry well; in 
soil of an open, gravelly nature, and 
where it can be dug at a safe distance 
from neighboring wells, it will care for 
the sewage of a dwelling house for an 
indefinite time. In an impervious clay 
soil, it is likely to prove unsatisfactory 
and, if it cannot be dug at least 100 feet 
from the nearest well, a septic tank is 
advisable. For the ordinary dwelling, a 
cesspool should be eight to ten feet deep 
and nearly as far across; the larger it is, 
the longer it will serve its purpose. It 
is best built in circular form, stoned up 
without mortar, and well covered with 
earth. Vitrified sewer pipe should lead 
from the house to it and should be laid 
deep enough to avoid danger from freez¬ 
ing. This pipe should have an even, 
sharp grade and care should be taken not 
to leave mortar projecting into the pipe 
at the joints to catch paper and finally 
clog the pipe. In country villages, cess¬ 
pools are in common use and in reason¬ 
ably open soils prove satisfactory; there 
is always a certain unknown element of 
danger connected with their use, however, 
and the more modern septic tank, while 
comparatively expensive, is superior. 
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Send for catalog. 
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Box 3, Belleville. Pa. 
fJDON'T GET WET and carry | 
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jREFLEX SLICKER til. 
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Clearing Stumpland 
Is Easy If You Do It Right 
Zimmerman Mighty Monarch 
Steel Stump Fuller makes land clearing ‘ 
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Bettendorf, Iowa 
Dept. NY 
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