1232 
October 9, 1915; 
THE KURAb 
Live Stock Feeding Problems 
Feeding Pigs Profitably. 
Will you give a balanced ration for 
pigs about six weeks old? Also how to 
get them well started when first taken 
away from the old sow? How often 
should they be fed? How much at a 
time? A. S. 
Virginia. 
To feed pigs profitably with grain at 
present orices is a very difficult problem 
if all the feed has to be purchased. The 
most profit is usually made where the pigs 
can turn unmarketable farm crops and re¬ 
fuse into a marketable product, using 
commercial feeding stuff as a supplement 
only. 
Pigs born in March can be fed much 
more economically than those born in Au¬ 
gust. and the chances of making a profit 
on them are correspondingly greater, so 
do not get discouraged if you do not make 
much on the lot you have at the present 
time, and get ready for next year with 
some March or April pigs, and feed them 
skim-milk if you have it; if not feed a 
gruel of middlings and water. Start feed¬ 
ing the youngsters when they are three, to 
four weeks old. while they are yet with 
the sow. Place the feed in a trough 
where the pigs can get it by going under 
a partition away from the sow. By teach¬ 
ing the pigs to eat while they are with 
the mother their growth is not checked sit 
weaning-time, which is when they are six 
to eight weeks old. Young pigs should be 
fed at least three times a day just what 
they will eat up clean and appear satis¬ 
fied. After the pigs are weaned a mix¬ 
ture of shorts, crushed barley and corn- 
meal, equal parts, mixed witlv water or 
skim-milk makes a very satisfactory ra¬ 
tion. When fhe pigs are eight weeks old, 
or about the first of .Tune, a good pasture 
should be provided for them, as this is 
where you will find the greatest profit in 
pork production. 
The pasture may consist of barley and 
peas, oats and peas, or just clover or Al¬ 
falfa. For later feeding during the lat¬ 
ter part of Summer and Fall nothing will 
beat rape for this purpose- Of course, the 
pasturage must be supplemented with a 
small amount of grain. If neither skim- 
milk nor pasturage are available it would 
be advisable to add about 10 per cent, of 
digester tankage to the ration. Keep a 
box containing a mixture of salt, sulphur 
and charcoal or soft coal where the pigs 
can help themselves, and see that they 
have access to fresh water to drink every 
day. c. s. g. 
Feeding an Orphan Foal. 
Will you tell me how to raise a colt by 
hand? I have one a week old, the mother 
died, and do not know how often colt 
should be fed. It eats no hay or grain 
yet. The colt is well and hearty. I feed 
him five times a day a little over a cup of 
cow’s milk and found my colt so consti¬ 
pated this morning I had to give injec¬ 
tions. G- E. o. 
Maine. 
At first a foal should be fed half a cup¬ 
ful of modified cow’s milk once an hour 
from a sterilized bottle and nipple. Use 
milk of a fresh cow, but choose that which 
is low in butter fat. Add hot water to 
the milk each time to bring it to a tem¬ 
perature of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Also 
add two teaspoonfuls of sugar or molasses 
per pint, as mare’s milk is much sweeter 
than that of the cow. If the milk dis¬ 
agrees add throe tablespoonfuls of lime- 
water per pint. For constipation give 
castor oil shaken up in milk. The dose 
is two or three tablespoonfuls of the oil 
and more if found necessary. Rectal in¬ 
jections of warmed sweet oil, or slippery 
elm bark tea, or warm water and glycer¬ 
ine may also be given by means of a rub¬ 
ber tube and funnel. The amount of milk 
is gradually increased and the times be¬ 
tween meals lengthened, but six feeds a 
day should be given for three or four 
weeks. As soon as the foal will lick it 
allow oatmeal and gradually introduce 
wheat bran and then crushed oats, and as 
soon as the mixture is freely taken equal 
quantities may be allowed until the colt 
is six or seven months old when whole 
oats and bran will be eaten. Grass and 
fine hay may also be allowed and at all 
times fresh, cold water should be provided 
and a lump of rock salt placed where the 
colt may lick it at will. Sweet skim-milk 
may be gradually substituted for whole 
milk after six weeks. A. s. A. 
Rickets from Improper Feeding. 
What is the trouble with my pigs 
about three months old? About three 
weeks ago they became weak in tin 1 back, 
cannot stand on their hind legs, fall over 
and drag their legs around. I fed some 
oats in the sheaf that had sprouted and 
now all the sowed corn they will eat. 
They are out on the ground and always 
have been. They get all the skim-milk 
they can eat; some one told me I should 
put half water. I have been doing it, but 
see no change. They eat well and seem 
to be doing well. J. c. w. 
Pennsylvania. 
Incomplete feeding explains this trouble 
in most instances; but intestinal worms 
may be present in others. Kidney worms 
are not the cause, although common 
opinion is to the contrary- Feed slop of 
middlings, a little cornmeal and oatmeal 
and 10 per cent, of digester tankage. 
Slightly salt the slop. Allow free access 
to slaked lime, wood ashes and wood 
charcoal. Let the pigs have free range on 
grass. If worms are seen in the drop¬ 
pings, or if you think worms are present, 
starve the pigs for 24 hours; then give 
each of them in slop eight grains of san¬ 
tonin and five grains of calomel for each 
hundred pounds of body weight. Divide 
the pigs into lots of five for this treat¬ 
ment. a. S. A. 
Brood Sow. 
We have a sow due to farrow in about 
two weeks. We are feeding at present 
dough and stale bread ; the dough is the 
cleanings from a bread factory. She has 
a good run and plenty of grass. Would 
you advise changing her feed? At pres¬ 
ent she is in fine condition; will give wood 
ashes and charcoal as The R- N.-Y. ad¬ 
vises. j. b. R. 
New York. 
The feed is unsuitable. Give such feed 
to fattening hogs, not to brood sows. Feed 
slop of milk or hot water, wheat mid¬ 
dlings, a little cornmeal, oatmeal and flax¬ 
seed meal, very slightly salted. Allow the 
sow plenty of exercise on grass. Do not 
make the change in feed quite sudden. See 
that the bowels are kept active. A. 8. A. 
Thin Horse. 
I would like your advice about a horse. 
He is a large gray horse weighing about 
1,300 pounds. I bought him as a colt of 
five months and he is now seven years old. 
lie is a handsome horse, long bodied, car¬ 
ries high head, but keeps thin and yet al¬ 
ways seems so hungry, almost ravenous. 
When driven on road his bowels begin to 
move, and after being driven seems to be 
tired and looks gaunt. I have given him 
oats, have tried ground feeds and has hay 
and in Summer turn him out nights, but 
no matter how or what I feed him be 
never gets any flesh. lie will drink very 
little water. He has had colic a few 
times and I doctored him for worms 
thinking it caused his bowels to trouble 
him. Some one told me he might have 
tuberculosis of the bowels- Is that pos¬ 
sible and what would cause it? I have 
also learned his sire was never used to 
work and lacked proper food and exer¬ 
cise. Would the horse inherit a weakness, 
as I knew the mare and she was very 
healthy and well cared for. B. M. 
New York. 
Horses do not have tuberculosis. The 
conformation, but not the trouble here 
present, would be inherited. From your 
description we suspect that the horse has 
a long, weak “washy” middle (coupling) 
and a horse of that conformation will al¬ 
ways be like to scour when driven and is 
a poor keeper. Feed whole oats and 
wheat bran. Give the drinking water be¬ 
fore feeding. Work or abundantly exer¬ 
cise the horse every day. In the feed 
mix browned wheat flour, and if that 
dose not suffice mix in each feed a table- 
spoonful of a mixture of two parts of 
prepared chalk and one part each of pow¬ 
dered catechu, alum and subnitrate of bis¬ 
muth. A. 8. A. 
A Remarkable and Important Fair. 
Perhaps very few readers of The R. 
N.-Y". know that New York State has 
two State fairs annually. The State 
Farm at Industry, Monroe Co., N. Y., 
has supplanted the old House of Refuge 
for Boys, which was located in Roches¬ 
ter, the -whole area of grounds being sur¬ 
rounded by a high and unscalable pi’ison 
fence, this prison environment having a 
very detrimental effect on the boys com¬ 
mitted to the institution. The State 
Farm at Industry contains 1,430 acres, 
mostly sandy loam and is all rolling land 
with the exception of about 100 acres of 
river bottom (Genesee River). A part 
of this latter is kept in permanent pas¬ 
ture. There are at present 800 boys in 
detention, divided among 30 cottages or 
separate quarters, each under the head 
of a supervisor. There are no fences or 
enclosures of any kind whatever, which 
puts the boys on their honor, although, 
there are guards in attendance day and 
night. There are very few escapes, con¬ 
sidering the number detained and the dif¬ 
ferent causes that led to their restraint. 
The education of these boys is diver¬ 
sified according to the different abilities 
presented, gardening and flower growing, 
etc., each cottage having a barn and silo. 
Field corn is a popular crop. All the 
work of preparing the land, planting and 
harvesting is performed by the boys, and 
is a part and a big part of their educa¬ 
tion On Sept. lOth-llth occurred the 
eighth annual fair, known as the State 
Fair at Industry, which was attended by 
at least 2,000 visitors. All the exhibits 
were furnished by the boys, and the 
showing reflects great credit on both the 
system and local management. The show 
of Ilolsteins, poultry, etc., was both in 
quality and extent unusual, all things 
considered, but it was in the large build¬ 
ing devoted to exhibits that the surprise 
was met. Both the ground floor and 
basement of this building were packed 
full of the products of field gardening, 
orchard and shop. ,1 never saw a better 
display of fruits and vegetables as re¬ 
gards appearance and quality, while the 
NEW-YORKER 
display of baked goods, canned fruits, 
handmade garments and artistic work 
must be seen to be appreciated. To think 
that all this, under the guidance of faith¬ 
ful instructors, was the work of boys 
who are by this educational and reform¬ 
ing process being changed from a men¬ 
ace to society to a valuable asset of the 
State. Some one was responsible for this 
change in the institution, and Superin¬ 
tendent Bruce and his subordinates are 
carrying out the program in a manner 
that shows their hearts are in the work. 
H. E. C. 
Value of Cocoanut Meal. 
Can you give me any information about 
cocoanut oilmeal? The analysis is pro¬ 
tein,‘20 per cent.; fat, 7 per cent.; filler, 
30 per cent. How should it compare in 
price with a good oilmeal? Would you 
recommend using it in the dairy ration? 
Pittstown, N. J- G. T. 
We do not have very much published 
information concernnig the value of co¬ 
coanut meal for feeding dairy cattle. Ac¬ 
cording to Henry’s “Feeds and Feeding,” 
the statement is made that it is used to 
some extent by dairymen in the vicinity 
of San Francisco, and that it has the rep¬ 
utation of producing fine butter of con¬ 
siderable firmness and is therefore recom¬ 
mended for Summer feeding to dairy 
cows. It has been used to some extent 
for sheep and swine, and has also been 
substituted for oats in rations for work 
horses. It does not contain as much pro¬ 
tein as oilmeal by about 12 per cent., and 
if it is purchased as a source of protein, 
it would be reasonable to suggest that 
when oilmeal was worth $35 per ton, co¬ 
coanut meal had ought to be purchased 
at $20 per ton, providing the palatability 
■was the same. It is my belief that at the 
current price of feed stuffs cottonseed 
meal would be a more economical source 
of feed than either cocoanut meal or oil¬ 
meal. A Danish experiment reports that 
cocoanut meal has about the same feeding 
value as wheat bran, although details of 
the test are not at hand. F. c. M. 
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FEED 
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FOR DAIRY COWS B 
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