THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1431 
Concrete Mixing at Wholesale. 
The picture at Fig. 542 shows the mak¬ 
ing of a concrete road with modern ma¬ 
chinery and appliances. Just such ma¬ 
chinery was operated through 30th 
Street, New York, in front of our build¬ 
ing not long ago. The contrast between 
the small concrete job with a shovel and 
bucket, and this almost human machine 
is startling. It is a good illustration of 
the way modern work is developing. No 
doubt many of our readers have seen 
these mixers and spreaders at work. The 
broken stone, sand and concrete are 
thrown in at the rear of the machine in 
regular proportions. One workman 
stands with a bag of concrete, pouring 
it in. as other workmen bring wheelbar¬ 
row loads of stone and sand. They are 
thrown into the mixer together, and a cer- 
This gives a weight of 1.S75 pounds (a 
cubic foot of water weighing about G2.5 
pounds), falling a distance of 4 y 2 feet 
and doing 4}4xl,S75 equals 8,437.5 foot¬ 
pounds of work per minute. This divided 
by 33000 gives only a little more than 
one-fourth horse power as the rate of 
work were every ounce of the water util¬ 
ized in a perfect wheel. This is of course 
impossible, and it is not probable that 
more than 50 per cent, of this or one- 
eighth horse power, could be secured as 
available energy for driving other ma¬ 
chinery. The losses would be very great 
in so small an installation, even could 
so small a wheel be obtained, this is es¬ 
pecially true where the “head” is so low. 
The efficiency of the turbine wheel is 
rather low at less than one-half gate, it 
is a wheel adapted to large volume of 
Concrete Mixing Machine at Work. Fig. 542. 
tain quantity of water is spread or poured 
upon them as they go in. Then the pow¬ 
erful machinery turns this charge over 
and over until it is properly mixed. The 
car shown at the front of the picture is 
run back ajqqg the arm until it stands 
under the spout shown at the front of 
the machine. When the mixing has been 
done, a door is opened and this charge 
runs out into the car. The car is then 
pulled out in front just where the con¬ 
crete is needed, and the arm swung back 
and forth by the powerful machinery so 
that the mass is placed just where it is 
wanted. With a small amount of work 
with the shovel, and a little smoothing, 
the proper grade is obtained, and while 
this load is being put on the road, an¬ 
other charge is being put into the ma¬ 
chine and thoroughly stirred up, and so 
hour after hour, in many cases day and 
night, this work goes on, the great ma¬ 
chine backing away from its work as the 
concrete is spread. It is wonderful to 
watch these great machines at work, for 
they show human intelligence in doing 
their work, and are so completely under 
control that a child might start or stop 
these heavy operations. It many cases 
such roads as are shown in the picture 
are being laid through country districts, 
and when properly made they wear well 
and appear to be very satisfactory. 
water at a comparatively low head. It 
is possible that A. C. D. can increase the 
head by the use of a suitable dam to a 
height sufficient to secure enough power 
for pumping and other light work from 
an overshot wheel, these wheels being 
specially adapted to small and fluctuating 
water supplies at relatively high heads. 
R,. n. s. 
Estimating Water Power. 
Could you advise me what size of tur¬ 
bine water-wheel would be best suited 
for an average flow of 30 cubic feet of 
water a minute with a head of 4% feet? 
What is the comparative efficiency of a 
turbine wheel when receiving water to 
the amount of only one-fourth to one-half 
of its maximum capacity, provided, of 
course, that the wheel is covered by the 
usual head of water and the draft tube is 
immersed in the tail water? a. c. d. 
Newmarket, N. II. 
The horse power that a stream is capa¬ 
ble of developing can be found by multi¬ 
plying the weight of water passing a 
given point in a minute by the “head” or 
distance through which it falls, and di¬ 
viding this product by 33000. The pro¬ 
duct of the weight of water times the dis¬ 
tance in feet through which it falls ex¬ 
presses the work of the stream in foot¬ 
pounds. As the horse power is equal to 
33000 foot-pounds done in a minute the 
division above referred to changes the 
foot-pounds to horse power. 
In the case of A. C. D. there are 30 
cubic feet of water delivered per minute. 
Chemical Sanitation. 
Can you tell me anything about the 
chemical closet advertised? If it is all 
that is claimed it is just what I want 
but it seems to me that it would in tine 
become foul and unsanitary, being 
cleaned and renewed but twice per year. 
Can you get me any information as to 
whether it gives perfect satisfaction to 
those who have them installed?. F. w. p. 
Norwich, N. Y. 
The chemical closets of the type of the 
ones that you mention are apparently 
giving satisfaction to those who are using 
them and represent a very satisfactory 
method of disposing of human excreta 
where the absence of running water 
makes water closets impracticable. It is 
not at all unlikely that the manufactur¬ 
ers are inclined to minimize the amount 
of attention that they need to keep them 
in a sanitary and inoffensive condition, 
but this is by no means prohibitive. The 
fact that they do require periodical at¬ 
tention, and that of a not very agreeable 
nature, is probably their chief drawback, 
but it is one common to all methods of 
sewage disposal where an abundance of 
water is not at hand, and it need not 
deter one from installing them if they 
meet his needs otherwise. M. B. D. 
Making Plaster Stick. 
In “Making the Plaster Stick,” page 
1076, R. II. Smith misses the true rea¬ 
son, and that is the use of wood lath; 
moisture causes the wood lath to swell 
and this cuts the clinchers off; this is the 
reason why getting a ceiling wet will 
cause the plaster to fall. You will no¬ 
tice that all stucco work on the outside 
of houses is now put over metal lath; 
whenever wood lath is used, the plaster 
w.ll surely come off. s. j. G. 
Bridgeport, Conn. 
Important Limestone Land! 
If you are the owner of limestone land, you have it within your power to double the 
fertility of your farm. That limcrock is worthless until reduced to dust. Pul¬ 
verize it and spread the ground limestone on your farm. Make your soil sweet 
and productive—grow crops of alfalfa, clover and soil-enriching 
legumes — get bigger yields of grain. That limerock, when 
, pulverized, is worth from $2 to $3 per ton. Why not begin 
today to turn your stone to gold? 
<3he Jeffrey 
I jmePulve R 
Sizes for Engines from 8 H. P. to 30 H. 
The LIMEPULVI'.R enables you, with one machine, 
to reduce the rock to dust. Simply hitch it to your 
engine and feed the rock as it comes from the quarry 
—rocks weighing from 30 to 60 pounds. Out of the ma 
chine pours a stream of ground limestone s:ady for the soil. 
A10 H.P. engine will rive you a ton an hour guaranteed. / 
The LIMEPULVER in larger sizes for larger engines 
will give far greater capacity. The LIM11PUL- 
VER crushes rock to any size for road and con¬ 
crete work. Sold on the Jeffrey Guarantee and 
built to last a lifetime. Write today for full in¬ 
formation and our Trial Offer. 
(13) 
Me. T. R.Rcad , Rutledge, Term., says: 
The machine is perfect. It does the work 
well. I feel that I cannot say too much in its 
favor. ” 
265 
THE JEFFREY MANUFACTURING CO. 
FIRST AVENUE COLUMBUS, OHIO 
t Making Wallpaper Stick.—C. K„ 
New York, can make wallpaper stick by 
putting a small handful of slaked lime in 
his paste. He will find it will hold so 
tight he will have a job to get it off. 
That is all I use for my rooms and they 
are all matched boards. j. d. c. 
New Jersey. 
. . 
CRUSHED TO SIZE FOR ROAD OR CONCRETE WORK OR PULVERIZED TO DUST 
Smallest Machine 
Handles 
60 Pound Rocks 
Look for the Red Ball 
When you see it you can feel sure of the quality. On 
“Ball-Band” Rubber Footwear the Red Ball stands for > 
many years of sustained quality. It means a com- 
fortable fit and long, steady, rugged wear. S 
know this is so. We take pains to make it so. 
BALL b BAND 
boots are vacuum 
cured; duringthevulcan¬ 
izing this process causes a 
tremendous pressure on the 
* fabric and rubber, and makes 
the boot one solid piece. Its cost 
per days wear is lower than that of 
my other rubber footwear. Over 50,000 
merchants sell and recommend it. 
“Ball-Band” Arctics are made in sizes for 
men, women and children. 
Write for Free Booklet,“More Days Wear' 
It tells you how to take care of your rubber 
footwear and make It last longer. If no store 
in your neighborhood sells '"Ball-Band,’* 
write us and mention your dealer’s name. 
MISHAWAKA WOOLEN MFG. CO. 
3 Water St., Mishawaka, 1:1 
"The novae That Faya 
' XZZlions for Quality" 
do without 
i£ine now 
Here are my 
Latest Prices 
(F.OJJ. Factory) 
STATIONARY ENGINES 
2 H-P, *34.35 
3 H-P, 
4 H-P, 
6 H-P, 
8 H-P. 
12 H-P, 
16 H-P, 
22 H-P. 
52.45 
69.75 
97.75 
139 65 
197.00 
279.70 
359.80 
PORTABLE ENGINES 
2 H-P, *39.95 
3 H-P, 60 50 
4 H-P, 82.75 
6 H-P, 127.75 
8 H-P, 174.65 
12 H-P, 237 00 
16 H-P, 329.70 
22 H-P, 412.30 
ENGINE SAW-RIGS 
4 H-P, *124.25 
6 H-P, 152 25 
8 H-P, 202.15 
12 H-P, 267.00 
f ET me send you an engine to earn 
44 own cost, while you pay tor it. 
No need, now, to trade your earnings for 
years to own a good engine, when you get top- 
qualityin a WITTE so it can earn its own way. I 
make it easier and cheaper for you to have an 
engine than to do without one. 
WITTE Engines 
Gasoline, Kerosene, Distillate and Gas 
All Engines Guaranteed Five Years. 
What an engine earns, in proportion to its cost 
of purchase, and its cost of operation, is what de¬ 
termines its quality. Measured by this test, the 
WITTE can’t be beat for high quality. It 
is not what the seller says that proves the 
case. It is what the engine does. 
Fine Book Free! 
gines,” shows hou to select the engine best suited 
to your needs. Also how easy it is to understand 
and run a WITTE, even if you never saw any en¬ 
gine before. Write my nearest office, today. 
ED. H. WITTE, Witte Engine Works, 
1894 Oakland Av., 
Kansas City, Mo. 
1834 EmpireBIdg., 
K.tsburgh, Pa. 
When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a 
quick reply and a “square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. : : : 
