■ t,w 
1443 
THIS RURAL 
Live Stock and Dairy 
Butter-making Troubles. 
I would greatly appreciate a little help 
in butter-making. We have a good Jer¬ 
sey cow, and as the family is small, have 
some cream left, which I have been mak¬ 
ing into butter. To make the butter, I 
use a glass churn—also make use of a 
dairy thermometer. I work the butter in 
cold water, until .the water is clear. 
Then, according to directions given in 
The R. N.-Y.. add a little sugar and suf¬ 
ficient salt. This butter keeps sweet for 
only a few days; by the end of the week 
it is decidedly off. It also develops a 
peculiar appearance the second day, in 
that it has a mottled effect, light and 
dark, like marble cake. I might add that 
I churn twice a week, none of the cream 
being over three days old. 0 . Q. 
Olean, X. Y. 
The source of the trouble evidently 
lies in an incomplete removal of the 
buttermilk from the butter, and uneven 
distribution of the salt. Mottles are 
usually found in salt butter containing 
considerable buttermilk. The action of 
the salt on the casein in the buttermilk 
causes light streaks to show all through 
the butter. Then again butter which 
contains an excessive amount of butter¬ 
milk does not keep well. It is some¬ 
times difficult to remedy this condition 
where butter is made on a small scale 
and in a dasher churn. You should aim 
to Stop churning when the butter gran¬ 
ules, are about the size of peas. Draw 
off the buttermilk and wash the grannies 
until the water is clear. Salt the butter 
at the rate of one ounce to one and one 
half ounce for each pound of butter, add¬ 
ing the salt to the butter in the churn. 
Add same amount of water as salt. Bring 
the granules together by giving the churn 
crank a few revolutions. If the butter 
now tastes gritty or too salt, take it out 
on a board or tray and work salt in with 
a paddle (do not use hands) until it is 
evenly distributed. ir. F. .1. 
Hens and Cows. 
In connection with my poultry farm I 
am considering engaging in the dairy bus¬ 
iness. My present plan is to sell my 
cream and use all skim-milk for chickens 
and pigs. What breed of cows do you 
think it would be best for me to keep? 
I would want registered cows, and would 
sell breeders as opportunity presented. 
Cottekill, N. Y. il. s. 
We find this question coming up again 
and again. Many poultrymen have be¬ 
come convinced that skim-milk is a fine 
feed for chickens. They figure that the 
hens will probably pay more for the skim- 
milk than any other handler. There is 
always a good demand for cream. By 
using a separator they can easily take out 
the cream and sell it without investing in 
butter-making machinery, or spending 
much time at dairying. With a silo and 
clover or Alfalfa hay they find a good 
use for chicken manure, and can feed a ’ 
small, choice herd of cows economically. 
Most poultrymen that we know of are 
using Holstein cattle for this work. 
These cows, if of good breeding, give 
large yields of milk, and are good con¬ 
sumers of roughage. Their cream is good 
and there is an abundance of skim-milk 
for the poultry. 
Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Anti-Hog- 
Cholera Serum. 
The Department of Agriculture at 
Washington has issued an official state¬ 
ment regarding the origin of the recent 
outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in 
Northern Illinois. From this statement 
it appears that the outbreak was due to 
the use of anti-hog cholera serum pre¬ 
pared from blood of hogs infected with 
foot-and-mouth disease, but showing no 
symptoms of the trouble. During the 
recent epidemic, serum prepared by two 
Chicago firms was withdrawn from sale 
because of the possibility of its contami¬ 
nation ; that of one of them was subse¬ 
quently released, no cases of foot-and- 
mouth disease having occurred at the 
establishment of the manufacturers and 
repeated tests of the serum showing no 
evidence of its contamination. Never¬ 
theless, the new outbreak was found to 
have occurred in eight out of 11 herds 
of hogs inoculated with serum from this 
concern and tests of the serum were 
again undertaken. After 01 negative 
tests, the sixty-second produced the dis¬ 
ease, and it became evident that a por¬ 
tion of this serum, at least, was infecti¬ 
ous. No fully satisfactory explanation of 
the failure of the first tests to discover 
'he contamination can be given, but it is 
‘.bought that the virus of foot-and-mouth 
disease in the serum may have become 
separated, so that it was not evenly dis¬ 
tributed through the whole mass; por¬ 
tions of the serum would then be free 
from the infectious material and inocu¬ 
lations made with them would not pro¬ 
duce the disease, while other portions of 
the same serum would carry the infection 
to any animal treated with them. The 
germ of foot-and-mouth disease has never 
been isolated, though the disease has 
long been studied and the character of 
the disease makes it evident that it is 
due to a specific germ. Inability to de¬ 
tect and identify this germ renders the 
tracing of it to its source the more diffi¬ 
cult. M. II. D. 
Alfalfa Hay Experience. 
My first experience with Alfalfa was 
43 years ,ago in Santiago, Chile. It is 
my understanding that the first Alfalfa 
introduced into the United States came 
from there to California. I did not see 
any Alfalfa hay then, as I was quite a 
little 1 boy, but remember the native as 
be came into our courtyard with three 
or four burros loaded down with bundles 
of green Alfalfa just cut. He had his 
regular customers who took so many 
bundles each day, and it was fed to the 
family cow and horses green. My next 
experience was in California, and I have 
put up a good many tons of Alfalfa there, 
also in New Mexico, and some here, and 
must say that conditions differ in each 
place. In California no Alfalfa is 
stacked until it .has lain in the cock at 
least a week. It has always been my ex¬ 
perience to cure it thoroughly before 
stacking or putting it in the mow. In 
New Mexico it is stacked two or three 
days after it is cut and allowed to cure 
there before it is baled, then stored away. 
Here in Texas it is bucked with a buck 
rake to the press sometimes the day after 
it is cut. My plan has always been to 
do my raking before nine in the morn¬ 
ing, when there is some dew on it. Then 
cock it in big cocks, even following up 
with pitchfork and round them up nicely 
to shed rain in case of any, and let the 
hay sweat out a couple of days. J. 
Great Feeding Value of Alfalfa. 
The Nebraska Experiment Station has 
been conducting some experiments with 
Alfalfa which ought to encourage all 
farmers to try to grow the crop. Winter¬ 
ing brood sows so that they will drop 
strong litters is an expensive business as 
most Eastern farmers do it. It is easy 
to economize by half starving the sow. 
but the young pigs will suffer to pay for 
such treatment. In Nebraska sows were 
wintered on corn and Alfalfa hay very 
successfully. The plan was to feed about 
equal parts of chopped Alfalfa and shelled 
corn. In other experiments the sows had 
a light grain ration and all the hay they 
cared to eat from a rack. At Nebraska 
prices this wintered the sow for a little 
less than $7. In another experiment 
young pigs, under 50 pounds, were fed a 
slop of ground grain moistened with “Al¬ 
falfa tea.” This “tea” was made by 
stewing or boiling chopped Alfalfa for 
one hour. The pigs fed on this “tea” 
made a better gain than those fed on a 
slop of water, while the cooked Alfalfa 
proved superior to the dry, chopped hay. 
Many a farmer will pay great prices for a 
mixed feed composed largely of ground 
Alfalfa. lie could grow the crop himself, 
chop or “stew” it and save 25 per cent, 
of the price of the mixed feed. 
Co-operative Wool Sales. 
On page 1276 Mr. Smith of the Ken¬ 
tucky Experiment Station says: “The 
Shropshire Breeders’ Association of 
Otsego Co., N. Y., sold its wool for 36 
cents per pound.” There is no Shropshire 
Breeders’ Association of Otsego County 
so far as I know. The association whose 
wool was sold for 36 cents per pound 
is the Otsego County Sheep Breeders’ 
Association, and the wool was not all 
Shropshire wool. When the wool was 
bundled and sold it was mostly Cheviot 
wool, there being only one lot of Shrop¬ 
shire wool so far as I know, but when 
the breeders of the county heard what 
the wool sold for they all wanted to get 
their wool in the sale. j. a. curry. 
Coming Live Stock Sales. 
Liverpool Sale and Pedigree Co., IIol- 
steins, Newark. O., Dec. 7-8. 
Shorthorns, C. A. Saunders, Manilla. 
Iowa, Dec. 14. 
llolsteins, Madison Square Garden, 
New York, Dec. 14. 
New York State Breeders’ and Dairy¬ 
mens’ Association. Exposition Park, 
Rochester, N. Y., sale of llolsteins, Dec. 
14-17. 
Holstein Sale, Madison Square Gar¬ 
den, New York. Dec. 15-16. 
Shorthorn Sale, Zoebel Bros., Dysart, 
Iowa, Dec. 16. 
Guernseys, Madison Square Garden, 
New York, Dec. 17. 
Dairymen’s Sale, Exposition Park, 
Rochester, N. Y., Dee. 17. 
Liverpool Sale and Consignment Co., 
Syracuse, N. Y., llolsteins, Jan. 17-18, 
1916. 
Liverpool Sale and Consignment Co., 
Earlville, N. Y., llolsteins, Jan. 19-20. 
Shorthorn Sale, Iowa Shorthorn Breed¬ 
ers’ Association, E. R. Silliman, Colo, 
Iowa, manager, February 23. 
NEW-YORKER 
AJAX FLAKES 
HpHIS valuable distillers’ grain contains about 
31% protein, 13% fat. It is twice as strong as 
bran. You cannot make milk economically if you 
use bran. One pound of AJAX FLAKES does the 
work of two pounds of bran, and saves $14 per ton. 
AJAX FLAKES 
Holds hundreds of official records and many world’s records. It is used and 
recommended by Cornell Agricultural College, Pennsylvania State College 
and prominent breeders, You should lay in your supply now, 
Send for Feeders’ Hand Boo\ with tables and feeding instructions 
BEWARE OF IMITATIONS 
CHAPIN & CO., Dept. R HAMMOND, IND. 
cuiaxtte uuns 
Protein 30 - 3 p% ^ 
Carbohydrates ^0 4 OJ v.l 
' Fibr* _»*•»♦* 
SPECIAL FALL SALE OF 
YOUNG BOARS 
RIDGELY MANOR FARM herd of 
PEDIGREE CHESTER WHITES 
boars fit for service. Some prize winning stock. We have pleased others and can please you. 
References and satisfied customers if desired. STONERIDGE, N.Y. K. D. SCOTT, Supt. 
and gilts. A 
few good 
BRANFORD FARMS 
BERKSHIRES 
Headed by the following great boars: 
LEE PREMIER’S RIVAL 
BRANFORD ARTFUL RIVAL 
HOPEFUL LEE’S SUCCESSOR 
Y\7E are now making room for 1916 spring 
’ ’ litters, amt offer over 100 head, includ¬ 
ing tried brood sows (open) and gilts ready 
to breed for spring litters, service boars, in¬ 
cluding Hopeful Lee’s Successor, spring and 
fall pigs at surprisingly low prices. 
Wo will contract to Dreed a limited num¬ 
ber of sows to be sold, to Lee Premier's 
Rival and'Brauford'Artful Rival, tlie latter 
used in the A. J. Lovojoy herd. 
liny a son or daughter of Lee Premier’s 
Rival, the greatest boar we ever owned. 
Bred, raised and owned by Branford Farms. 
When writing, specify what you desire ns 
to price you. 
Everything High-class. 
Satisfaction Guaranteed. 
Visitors Always Welcome. 
BRANFORD FARMS, GROTON, CONN. 
Large Berkshires at Highwood 
Regular fall offering of selected Service Boars 
H. C.& II. 1$. HARPENDING, Dundee, N. Y. 
BERKSHIRE BOARS 
ready for service, *20 up. Yearling sows, litter- 
mates to State Fair champion, bred to Gregory 
Farm boar, 135. A carload of large sows, mated 
with 1st prize boar. Price very low. 
H. 31. TERYVILLIGER, - Kirkville, N, Y. 
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES 
Nothing for sale but big March and April PIGS. 
J. E. WATSON, - Murbleditle, Conn. 
PUREBRED BERKSHIRE PIGS-six weeks 
* old—sows. $(i; boars. $5. Sous from last spring’s 
litters, *10. Cloverdale Farm, Charlotte, N. Y. 
Cheshires forSale- Y B 0 Z". r rl !,f wS"S 
pigs. Address— Department of Animal Hus¬ 
bandry,CornellUulverslty,Ithaca, New York 
C HESTER WHITE—Registered Sows bred for 
spring farrow. Address, Eugene I. Black, Scio, N.Y. 
FOR PURE BRED TAMWORTH SWINE 
write or visit WESTVIEW STOCK FARM, R. 
E. I>. No. 1, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 
Kinderhook Ouroc-Jersey Swine 
in the East for registered stock of all ages. Best of 
breeding. Free from disease. Pairs not related. 
C. 31. PAL3IER, Sec’y-Treas., Valatie, N. Y. 
nilRnP.Q—Pics: tlapair: not akin. Ped. Write 
UUnUUu SEREN'D WEEKS, De Graff, Ohio 
FOR SALE-DUROC dERSEYSi® 
boars. Write for prices. C. lludd, Medford, N. J. 
ONE MORE PIG 
PER LITTER is only one of the 
many advantages Keds have 
over the less hardy breeds. My 
Free Book details them all. 
Write for it. 
ft 
100 Registered 
Chester White Figs 
10 wbs. to 8 m 08 . old: 6 
Jersey Cows 2 to 6 yrs. old: 
and 8 bull calves •» to 10 
mos.old. 50 Lincoln lamlks. _ 
Write for descriptive circular and price list. 
E0WARD WALTER, Dept. R, “Eureka Stock Farm," West Chester, Penna 
CHELDON FARM REGISTERED DUROCS 
** Pigs of both sex. Bred sows. Service boars. 
Best of breeding. C. E. BARNES, Oxford, N.Y. 
For Sale- Berkshire and 0.1. C. Swine 
two to twelve months of age. Good .breeding. ICx- 
cellent individuals. Prices reasonable. Satisfaction 
guaranteed. TARBELL FARMS. SMITHVILLE FLATS, N. Y. 
Originators of the 
Famous O. I. C. 
Swine 1863 
Two O.I.C. Hogs 
Weigh 2806 lbs. 
Why lose profits breed-^ 
lug and feeding scrubs I 
hogs ? Two of our O. I. r 
C. Hogs weigh 2806 lbs. > ~K~g~ 
Will ship you sample pair 
of these famous hogs on time and ^ 
give agency to first applicant. We are 
originators, most extensive breeders and 
shippers of pure bred hogs in the world. 
All foreign shipments 
U. S. Govt. Inspected 
We have bred the O. I. C. Hogs for 51 
years and have never lost a hog 
with cholera or any other con¬ 
tagious disease. 
Write — to-day — 
for Free Booh, “The 
Hog from Birth to Sale ” 
THE L. B. SILVER CO. 
566 Vickeri Building, Cleveland, Ohio 
LARGETYPEBERKSHIRES 
Spring hoars and sows. Fall pigs. Quality and 
satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. 
N. G. 'Wilcox, 12 Jay St., Binghamton, N. Y. 
BERKSHIRES^ 
I offer yon one of the best lots of Berkshires that I 
ever owned, an especially fi ne showing of gilts. < ’oine 
and make your own selections. If you can’t come 
write your wants . H L. Brown. Waterport, Orleans Co., N 1. 
BERKSHIRES7 Th0 de< i p - htta P' 1k>iib g-dl 
Grown tor breeders and gu 
represented. Prices right. A C. 
- aranteed as 
HOOPER, Buzman, Md. 
English White Chesterfield PIGS 
eight weeks old, weight upwards of 20 lbs. Price. $6.no 
each or $25.00 for a half doz. both breeds aiui altered 
Net F. O. B. here. HOUSE SHOE SPUING FAliJl 
Wolcott II. Pitkin. Congers, Rockland Co., N. Y. 
O. I. C. WHITES-^' ”Ki! 
8 igs. They give satisfaction. 
ARM, CHATHAM, N. J. 
Page, (Owner), 63 Cortlandt 
gil l __ 
WAYSIDE 
Address A. L. 
St., N. Y. City 
(1 I C P GS —30 b, eeds fine Poultry. Low Price. 
, . Buy your breeders now. Big Illus¬ 
trated circular Free. John E, Heatwole, Harrisonburg, Va. 
For Sale-Yorkshire Brood Sows Soars* 
James H. Owen, R. D. No. 4, Newburgh' N. y! 
MISCELLANEOUS 
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE 
For registered Holstein Cows, Heifers, Hay or Straw 
our registered black Pcrcheron Stallion Keota 
Emmett 49078, 10 years, 1650 lbs., perfectly sound, 
sure and gentle in farm and road work and service, 
sire cf many fine colts. Bay stallion 1450 lbs five 
years, bay stallion eighteen months. 
KELLER & TOBLER, Waterford, N. Y. 
FERRETS FOR SALE-White or 
■ w brown. Guaranteed clean, 
healthy itock. Illustrated hook and price list free. 
LEVI FARNSWORTH, New Loudon, Ohio 
FERRETS FOR SALE SSa&»isaa 
LEVIN PRUKER 
THE best Primer. Cuts *4-inch 
A dry branch. Quick, clean, 
easy cut. We will send it post¬ 
paid for one new yearly subscrip¬ 
tion at $1, or for club of 10 ten- 
week trials at 10 cents each. 
These articles are not given with a sub¬ 
scription to The Rural New-Yorker, but 
are given to the agent as a reward, iu 
place of cash, for extending the subscrip¬ 
tion list of The Rural New-Yorker. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
333 WEST 30th ST., NEW YORK. 
