1516 
The hurai> new-yorker 
December 25, 1915. 
vmwh 
mllnoisiari 
Cold 
—not if it’s a really cold day. 
Not even if you prime through the priming cup or by removing 
the plugs. 
But there is a sure way. 
Tho’ gasoline will not vaporize fast enough in a cold cylinder to 
spread across the combustion chamber—to reach the ignition point— 
You can put it right at the spark gap of an 
“All-in-One 
ampion 
TOLEDO MADE fOR THE WHOLE WORLD'S TRADCT) ® 
ILJ 
That's the sure way. 
No need to prime and prime again in the old way 
—no need to freeze your fingers—no need to lose time. 
The All-in-One Champion ia a combination spark plug and priming cup. 
Thegasoline runsdown through the center of the plug and actually collects 
on the electrodes—right where the spark flashes. 
It spreads around the rim and entirely surrounds the spark gap with 
a cloud of rich vapor, so when the first spark jumps, there’s an explosion— 
and your motor starts, every time. 
Get a set today and assure the instant service of your automobile, 
regardless of the weather. 
Your dealer will supply you with the kind especially designed to serve 
your motor. The price is S1.25 each. 
The name “Champion” on the porcelain—not just on the box—is your 
guarantee of spark plug dependability. 
Champion Spark Plug Company, 
502 Avondale Avenue Toledo, Ohio 
Forkner Alfalfa Cultivator 
Stirs and aerates the soil—uproots grass and weeds—destroys 
clover root weevil—leaves dirt mulch and 
conserves moisture without cutting or injuring 
the alfalfa. It will 
“ s 
Put New Life and Vigor 
into old meadows, pastures and hide¬ 
bound wheat fields. Write for catalog 
and free book “Modern Soil Tillage.” 
LIGHT DRAFT HARROW CO. 
Dept. 612 B Marshalltown, Iowa 
GasolineEngines 
For Farm or Factory 
EASY 'IF 1 TO 100 
TERMS to /1 Xy./ CATALOG FREE 
REL1ABLE\/I\d7 PORTABLE OR 
PE OPLE s TA TIONA R Y 
Wood Sawing Outfits, Three Styles, All Sizes 
MAKE MORE MONEY—DO LESS WORK 
YOU need on your farm an engine that starts 
when you want it to ami that keeps going until 
the work is done. That means EXCELSIOR. 
Hundreds of farmers who have used the best other 
makes say they never knew what a real engine 
could do until they bought the EXCELSIOR, but 
we do not ask you to take any man’s word. We say, 
“Try the EXCELSIOR on your work without the 
payment of a cent until you are satisfied that it is 
what we say—the best running, most durable, and 
most economical engine you ever saw. If we do not 
P r °ye that to your satisfaction, send the engine 
back. You can have the engines on wheels with 
saw attachment or without or on skids, and we 
make all sizes from l *-2 H. P. up. Tell us the size 
of your farm and how big an engine you need and 
get our offer. Write today for catalog and other 
information. 
R. CONSOLIDATED GASOLINE ENGINE CO. 
202 Fulton Street, . New York City 
HANVA9 Heavy, brown waterproof tarpaulins, 7x12 ft. 
UHll THu with brass grommets. 44.40 fit. prepaid. Write 
for samples, state size. W. STANLEY, SO Church St., New York 
Raw Furs Wanted 
I will pay highest prices and give liberal assortment 
and square deal. Shipments held separate for appro¬ 
val upon request. Send trial shipment at once. 
BEN CORN 
267 7th Av. RAW FURS New York 
References: German Exchange Rank and Bradstreets 
IGHEST PRICES 
Paid for All Kinds of RAW FURS 
T NEED large quantities of 
.all kinds of furs, and it 
will pay you to get my price 
list. I especially solicit com¬ 
munication with dealershav¬ 
ing large lots to sell. Write 
for price list and shipping 
tags today to 
O. L. SLENKER 
P. O. Box K, East Liberty, O. 
MORE MONEY FOR YOUR FURS 
Don’t envy the Fur Shipper 
Who always gets the Highest 
Prices and Best Sort— 
Ship to BACH Yourself I 
Write tor Price List and Tags 
BACH FUR COMPANY, 
118-20 W. 27th St., Dept. 51 New York 
SKUNK 
We pay top prices for Skunk, Mink, 
Muskrat, and all raw Furs. Price list 
free. M. J. JEWETT & SONS, 
REDWOOD, N. Y. - DEPT. 29 
Ship 
Your 
RAW 
FURS 
For information address, Secretary, 
Direct to NEW YORK 
They will come here eventually. Why not first and 
save se eral profits? Here in Now York wo have: 
The largest raw lur market—The most successful raw fur merchants 
—The greatest number of raw iur dealers—The largest number of 
fur manufacturers—Ninety per cent of America’s fur dressers and 
flyers—The biggest outlet lor manufactured furs—The finest tur 
trade, and,—The most wonderful retail fur establishments on earth. 
We co-operate with you. 
RAW FUR MERCHANTS’ ASSOCIATION, 46 West 24th Street, New York 
Lightning Rod Protection 
Lightning rod agents are trying to in¬ 
terest me in putting rods on my build¬ 
ings. Do you regard rods as a real pro¬ 
tection, and how would you advise put¬ 
ting them up? d. E. L. 
Bainbridge, Pa. 
The question of protection afforded by 
lightning rods and the proper method of 
constructing them has been investigated 
by competent scientists and the conclu¬ 
sions have been reached that they do af¬ 
ford a certain, but unknown, amount of 
protection and that the material of which 
they are made is of less importance than 
the manner in which they are put up and 
connected with the ground. Aside from 
inferior durability, iron is probably equal 
to copper as a -material of which to con¬ 
struct lightning conductors and it is, of 
course, much cheaper. It should be 
heavily galvanized .to protect it from rust¬ 
ing. Water conductors from metal 
roofs may be made to serve as lightning 
conductors by connecting them with the 
ground. A quarter-inch, or larger, ii’on 
rod driven several feet into the ground 
and connected with the water conductor 
by soldering would make a good ground 
connection. Metal roofs may be con¬ 
nected with the ground by soldering to 
each of their four Corners No. 3 galvan¬ 
ized iron wire—this is about twice the 
size of telegraph wire—and carrying it 
to a similar ground connection. The wire 
itself should be stapled directly to the 
building and all metallic connections 
should be soldered. It is important that 
ground connections should be carried 
deep enough to reach permanently moist 
earth. 
Farmers’ Bulletin 3G7, from the De¬ 
partment of Agriculture, Washington, D. 
C., should be obtained and read by those 
interested in lightning rod construction. 
It is free. M. B. D. 
When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply 
and a “square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Concrete Chimney and Fireplace 
I wish to build a chimney of concrete 
lined with chimney lining tile. Will it 
be necessary to provide for expansion of 
one or the other by leaving an air space 
between concrete and tile? What is the 
smallest sized round tile properly used 
with an open fireplace having a bottom 
area of 432 square inches? s. E. s. 
Deposit, N. Y. 
Chimney building seems to be one of 
the places for which concrete is especially 
adapted. A close examination of the 
country fire records of the State would 
no doubt show that many of them were 
started from the chimney, and were 
caused by either a defective or dirty flue. 
While any chimney will become dirty 
with use, a poorly designed one will do 
so much sooner, sharp bends and the 
consequent poorer draft causing the de¬ 
posit of soot on the chimney walls. The 
purpose of a chimney is to carry the 
smoke and hot gases safely from the 
heater, preventing them from setting fire 
to the woodwork and from mixing with 
the air of the living rooms, and to cre¬ 
ate a draft causing fresh air to be forced 
into the fire, in this way supporting com¬ 
bustion. 
To do these things the chimney should 
be a seamless tube from top to bottom, 
and as before stated concrete is well 
adapted for this purpose. Small con¬ 
crete chimneys are usually “poured,” 
either by building both an outer and in¬ 
ner form of boards and pouring the mix¬ 
ture between them, removing both forms 
when the mixture has hardened sufficient¬ 
ly, or by using chimney tile for the in¬ 
ner form and leaving these in place. The 
second method is probably the better of 
the two. The air space as suggested by 
S. E. S. is not necessary. For best re¬ 
sults the chimney should be straight and 
smooth inside as it offers less resistance 
to the passage of smoke and gases. A 
straight smooth chimney will have much 
less soot and ashes deposited in it. If 
a bend is necessary make it as long and 
easy as possible. For the same reason 
the flue should be round or square in 
cross section rather than oblong. To 
prevent eddy currents from blowing down 
the chimney it should extend above the 
highest point of the roof and it should 
reach from here to the cellar where it 
should be supported on a good base. 
Such a chimney will seldom settle and 
crack. Clean out holes and other open¬ 
ings, other than those used by the pipes, 
should be fitted with tight covers and 
kept closed both for safety and to secure 
a good draft, a leaky chimney being 
neither safe or efficient. 
The size of the flue for a fireplace is 
rather a hard thing to get at. A rule 
that is sometimes used for determining 
the size in a general way is to allow one 
square inch of flue opening for each 10 
square inches of grate surface. Apply¬ 
ing this rule to the case of S. E. S. 
would give a flue about eight inches in 
diameter—if a round one is used—a sev¬ 
en-inch pipe having an area of 38 plus 
square inches. The flue should have an 
area of 42 square inches to fulfill the 
conditions. The eight-inch pipe is some¬ 
what in excess of this. 
It is customary to contract the flue 
just above the grate, making it oblong in 
shape and narrow. This causes the 
air to become highly heated at this point 
and aids the draft. It also permits the 
building of a shelf in the back of the 
flue that helps to a certain extent in pre¬ 
venting downdrafts. Gusts of air blow¬ 
ing down the chimney are caught by it 
and deflected up the chimney again rath¬ 
er than blowing down into the fireplace 
and filling the room with smoke. 
B. II. 8. 
Filter for Drinking Water 
Will you tell me how to make a filter 
for drinking water, with capacity of 10 
or 15 gallons per hour? jr. s. 
Darlington, Md. 
A simple filter for domestic use may be 
made by arranging clean gravel, pulver¬ 
ized charcoal and fine sand in successive 
layers, each several inches in thickness, 
in such a way that the water must pass 
through them in the order named. A 
concrete tank of the desired dimensions 
might be made to hold the filtering ma¬ 
terials, or a large barrel might serve the 
purpose. The deeper each layer of filter¬ 
ing material the slower and more per¬ 
fect the action of the filter, but any filter, 
however made, can be hut of temporary 
service before needing to be renewed. The 
pores of the filter gradually fill up and 
render it useless for the purpose which it 
is designed to serve; in fact, if used too 
long before being renewed, it may be¬ 
come a means of pollution rather than of 
cleansing. I do not know just what kind 
of filter you wish but presume that you 
can improvise one from a tight barrel 
placed on end and nearly filled with the 
gravel, charcoal and sand, leaving room 
above and below for the water to be 
poured in and collected for removal 
through a spigot. m. b. d. 
The Bushel Measure 
.Tames W. Ilelme, Food Commissioner 
of Michigan, makes the following sugges¬ 
tion to consumers who buy products like 
potatoes by the bushel : 
We suggest to all consumers who buy 
fruits and vegetables, that they make for 
their own use a bushel measure. Such a 
measure can he made in the form of a 
square box which should he 12x14x16 in. 
on the inside. A box so constructed will 
hold, when level full, a legal bushel of 
apples, potatoes and such products. It 
will be a short job to make one of these 
boxes, and we suggest that all consumers 
who buv stuff by the bushel, should have 
one on hand to check up the measure that 
they receive. 
It seems that the standard bushel in 
Michigan contains 2,350.42 cubic inches. 
This is a “stricken bushel”—level full for 
small grains. A bushel of potatoes weighs 
(iO pounds, and it would not be possible to 
get this weight into a bushel box level 
full because the tubers do uot pack as 
closely together as the grains of wheat. 
Therefore the larger box should be used. 
Fencing for Sheep 
Does a neighbor have to make his 
fence to keep my sheep from going in his 
pasture? My sheep go in his pasture 
through his fence, and he finds fault. 
New York. w. s. 
Your neighbor does not have to fence 
to keep your sheep out, even on the part 
of the fence he must maintain, but you 
must fence to keep your sheep in or suf¬ 
fer his faultfinding or worse. 
