PICTORIAL CULTIVATOR ALMANAC. 
EQUINOXES AND SOLSTICES FOE 1851. 
EQUINOXES AND SOLSTICES. 
LONDON. 
BOSTON. 
WASHINGTON. 
CINCINNATI. 
SAN 
FRANCISCO. 
D. 
H. 
M. 
D. 
H. 
M. 
D. 
H. 
M. 
D. 
H. 
M. 
D. 
H 
M. 
Vernal Equinox, 
March,.... 
21 
4 
55 
mo 
21 
0 
11 
mo 
20 
11 
47 
ev 
20 
11 
17 
ev 
20 
8 
47 
ev 
Summer Solstice, 
June, .... 
22 
1 
41 
mo 
21 
8 
57 
ev 
21 
8 
33 
ev 
21 
8 
3 
ev 
21 
5 
33 
ev 
Autumnal Equinox, 
Sept.,. 
23 
3 
51 
ev 
23 
11 
7 
mo 
23 
10 
43 
mo 
23 
10 
13 
mo 
23 
7 
43 
mo 
Winter Solstice, 
Dec.,. 
22 
9 
29 
mo 
22 
4 
45 
mo 
22 
4 
21 
mo 
22 
3 
51 
mo 
22 
1 
21 
mo 
When it is noon at London, it is 6 h. 52m. in the morning at Washington; and when it is noon at Washington 
it is 5h. 8m. in the evening at London. 
TABLE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 
NAME. 
Mean dia¬ 
meter in 
Eng. mi’s 
j Mean distance 
from the Sun. 
Time of revolu¬ 
tion round the 
Sun. 
S> .a 
£ 5 
br, <d .a 
13 
The Sun,.. 
883,246 
D. H. M. S. 
Mercury,.. 
3,224 
37,000,000 
87 23 15 43 
6.67 
Venus, .... 
7,687 
63,000,000 
224 16 49 10 
1.91 
The Earth, 
7,912 
95,000,000 
365 6 9 12 
1. 
The Moon, 
2,180 
95,000,000 
365 6 9 12 
1. 
Mars,. 
4,189 
144,000,000 
686 23 30 35 
0.43 
Vesta,. 
238 
unknown. 
224,340,600 
226,000,000 
1,325 11 38 24 
1,327 23 22 41 
Iris, . 
Hebe,. 
(i 
230,000,000 
1,375 nearly, 
1,469 18 37 19 
Flora,. 
11 
240,000,000 
Astra, .... 
c c 
246,000,000 
1,512 nearly. 
0.16 
Juno,. 
1,425 
160 
253,598,700 
263,236,450 
265,000,000 
1,593 1 36 28 
Geres,. 
1,684 17 3S 24 
Pallas,* ... 
110 
1,6S6 7 19 12 
Jupiter, ... 
89,170 
490,000,000 
4,332 14 27 10 
0.037 
Saturn,.... 
79,042 
900,000,000 
10,759 1 51 11 
0.011 
Uranus, ... 
35,112 
1,800,000,000 
30,686 19 41 32 
0.003 
Neptune,.. 
35,000 
2,850,000,.000 
60,128 3 20 02 
0.001 
* A ninth asteroid, named Metis, and also a tenth not yet named, 
have been discovered since the beginning- of 1848, between Mars 
and Jupiter ; but as the sizes, distances, etc., are yet unknown, they 
have not been added to the table. 
NOTES TO THE READER. 
The astromical calculations for this Almanac, in equal 
or clock time, were made by David Young, of Han¬ 
over Neck, New-Jersey, and the calendar page is adapt¬ 
ed for use in every part of the United States. It is 
based on the fact, that in the same Latitude, that is, on 
a line running due east and west, the Sun and Moon 
rise and set at the same moment by the clock or almanac, 
not only through the United States, but around the 
world—the variations being so small as to be of no im¬ 
portance for ordinary purposes. Thus, if on any day 
the Sun rises at Boston at 5 minutes past 6, it rises at 5 
minutes past 6 on the same line of latitude westward 
throughout the states of Massachusetts, New-York, 
Michigan, Iowa, and Oregon. 
Hence, a Calendar adapted to Boston for New Eng¬ 
land, is equally adapted, as to the rising and setting of 
the Sun and Moon, for use in Northern New-York and 
Michigan; a Calendar for New-York city is adapted for 
use in the states of .Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and 
Illinois; a Calendar for Baltimore is adapted for Vir¬ 
ginia, Kentucky, and Missouri; and a Calendar for 
Charleston will answer for North Carolina, Tennessee, 
Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana. Wherever the reader 
is, look for the state at the top of the Calendar page, 
and underneath are the rising and setting of the Sun 
and Moon sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes 
The changes, fulls, and quarters of the Moon, how 
ever, are governed by another principle, and are essen 
tially the same for all places on the same Longitude 
that is, on any line extending due north and south 
Thus, the Moon’s phases for Charleston, suit Pitts 
burgh, etc. Any phasis takes place at the same in 
slant of absolute time; but the local time is earlier at 
the westward, and later at the eastward, at the rate of 
four minutes for each degrees of Longitude; or at the 
rate of one minute for every 12 miles 278 rods in the 
latitude of Boston; 18 miles and 60 rods in the latitude 
of New-York city; 13 miles 143 rods in the latitude of 
Baltimore; and 14 miles 199 rods in the latitude of 
Charleston. 
TIDE TABLE. 
CHIEFLY FROM THE TABLE IN BOWDITCH’s NAVIGATOR. 
The Calendar pages exhibit the time of high water at 
New-York, Boston, and Charleston. 
To find the time of high water at any of the follow¬ 
ing places, add to or subtract from the time of high 
water at New-York, as follows: (A signifies that the 
annexed quantity of time is to be added, S subtracted)— 
For 
H.M. 
Amelia Harbor,.S 0 24 
Ann, Cape,...A 2 36 
Annapolis, ..A 2 6 
Anticosii Island, west end.S 5 24 
St. Augustine,.. S 1 24 
Block Island,.S 1 17 
Boston, . A 2 36 
Canso, Cape, .S 0 24 
Charles, Cape,.Si 9 
Charleston Bar,.S 1 39 
Cod, Cape,..A 2 36 
Delaware River, ent.AO 6 
Fairfield, .A 2 0 
Fear, Cape,..S 0 54 
Florida Keys,.S 0 4 
Gay Head,..'.S 1 17 
George’s River,.A 1 51 
Georgetown Bar,.S 1 54 
Goldsborough, ...A 2 6 
Guilford, .A 1 30 
Halifax, N. S.,.S 1 24 
Hartford,...S 5 40 
Hatteras, Cape,.A 0 6 
Henloperi, Cape,.SO 9 
Henry, Cape,.S 1 14 
Kennebec, .A 1 54 
Lookout, Cape,.AO 6 
H.M. 
Machias,.A 2 6 
Marblehead,... . A 2 30 
May, Cape,. .......SO 9 
Mount Desert, ..A 2 6 
New-Bedford,.S 1 17 
Newburyport,.A 2 21 
New-Haven,.A. 1 22 
Norwich Landing,..A 0 45 
Passamaquoddy River, ..A 2 36 
Penobscot River,.A 1 51 
Philadelphia, .A 5 0 
Plymouth,.A 2 36 
Portland, ..A 1 51 
Port Royal Island,...S 0 39 
Portsmouth, ..A 2 21 
Quebec, Canada,..S 0 5 
Rhode Island, .S 2 9 
Roman, Cape,..S 9 54 
Sable, Cape,.S 0 54 
Salem,. .A230 
Sandy Hook, N. J.,.S 2 17 
Saybrook,.A 0 15 
St. Johns, N. F.,.S 2 54 
St. Simon’s Bar, .... _S 1 24 
Sunbury,.A 0 36 
Townsend,....A 1 51 
APOGEE AND PERIGEE OF THE SUN. 
The Sun is in Miles. 
Perigee December 31, 1850, distance from the Earth,... 93,582,000 
Apogee July 1,1851, “ “ “ ... 96i77L000 
Perigee January 2, 1852, “ “ “ ... 93.575,000 
The perigee does not occur in 1851, but occurs twice in 1852. 
EQUATION OF TIME. 
Almanacs often contain the expresssion, 11 sun fast” 
and “ sun slow.” They refer to the difference of time 
as shown by the sun, and as shown by a good clock or 
watch. Time as marked by the former, is called “ ap- 
parent,” and as marked by the latter, 11 mean time” 
A good sundial will always tell the former; a watch or 
clock, the latter. The calculations of most almanacs 
are given in mean or clock time. 
CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES. 
Dominical Letter, E; Golden Number, or Lunar 
Cycle, 9; Epact, 28; Solar Cycle, 12; Roman Indic¬ 
tion, 9; Julian Period, 6564. 
ASPECTS AND NODES. 
6 Conjunction; Sextile, 60 degrees; □ Quartile, 
90 degrees; A Trine, 120 degrees; Vc. Quincunx, 150 
degrees; § Opposition, 180 degrees; Q Ascending Node ; 
5 Descending Node. 
LEAP YEAR. 
Every year is leap-year the number of which can be 
divided by 4, and not by 100; or which can be divided 
by 400. 
Anger is like rain, which breaks itself upon that on 
which it falls. 
