38 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
So, too, on the dry, gravelly knolls, an application 
of two or three inches of clay from the stiff lands, 
changes the whole aspect of the vegetation growing 
there. 
The most important production of the farm is 
fruit; the average annual yield of Baldwin and Rus¬ 
set apples, being about 1,000 barrels. Other varie¬ 
ties are raised, but these two are the principal. The 
old orchards are manured and plowed each year, but 
no crop is taken except that afforded by the trees. 
In younger orchards, the open space between the 
rows of trees are devoted to vegetables for market. 
The apples are carefully picked from the trees by 
hand, packed in barrels, and stored in a dry, airy 
fruit cellar under one of the barns. The farm pro¬ 
duces a variety and abundance of other fruits, such 
as pears, peaches, plums, cherries, quinces, and 
summer and fall apples. 
About ten acres are devoted to market vegetables, 
in all the varieties. The details of their cultivation 
would be a repetition of those already given in the 
account of Mr. Pierce’s cultivation. While at Mr. 
Stone’s I saw a market wagon loaded, and had the 
curiosity to take an account of the various articles 
sent off. They were as follows: tomatoes, onions, 
beets, summer squashes, cucumbers and mangos and 
string beans for pickling, potatoes, green corn, pole 
beans, apples, peaches, and pears. 
Mr. Stone has a farm of 60 acres a mile or two 
from home, which he rents for $600 per annum. 
Ho remarked to me that his tenant paid his whole 
rent last year from the sales of the cucumbers raised 
on five acres—leaving the proceeds of the remaining 
55 acres at his own disposal. 
Mr. S. keeps about 20 head of cattle and horses, 
and from 40 to 60 hogs. Shoats, weighing from 100 
to 120 lbs. each, are purchased at Brighton market, 
spring and fall, fed six months, then slaughtered and 
taken immediately to market. At killing time, the}r 
average from 275 to 300 lbs. each, dressed. All the 
refuse fruits and vegetables of the farm are fed to 
them. A kettle or cauldon holding 600 gallons and 
set in an arch, is mostly filled with vegetable pro¬ 
ducts, to which is added six bushels of meal, and 
the whole is then boiled. The contents when cooked 
are taken out, and to the mass is added an equal mea¬ 
sure of slimes , purchased at a starch factory. These 
slimes are the best part of the washings in the pro¬ 
cess of making starch from flour. For the last six 
weeks, the meal is increased in order to get the hogs 
into a high state of fatness. The yard in which the 
hogs run is well supplied with muck, turf, weeds, 
and all sorts of refuse litter, and these materials are 
mingled and enriched by the swine. When not at 
work, the horses are stabled all, and the oxen most 
of the year. The other cattle of the farm are stabled 
most of the time in the winter, and the cows nights 
through the summer. Their stables are directly 
Jan. 
over the barn cellar, into which the manure goes; 
suitable quantities of muck, loam, turf, &c., are 
frequently added to the manure, the hogs have free 
access, and the materials are well mixed. In these 
ways some 600 loads of compost, of twenty-five 
bushels each, are annually made. 
Mr. Stone showed me a statement made by him, 
at the request of the Commissioner of Patents, of 
the whole amount of his receipts and expenditures 
for three years. Here it is: 
Whole amount for hay sold,..... $4,257 00 
do do pork,. 4,552 00 
Fruits, vegetables, stock, &c.,. 10,025 00 
$1S,834 00 
Amount paid for labor, ..$3,521 00 
do grain and feed for hogs, .2,058 00 
do shoats, ............ 1,5-75 00 
do manure,. 373 00 
do provisions,. 260 00 
do goods, . 707 CO 
do taxes $310, and stock, $309, 619 OO 
do miscellaneous items,. 1,025 00 
--- 10,138 00 
$8,696 00 
I think these results quite naturally remind us 
that too many of our farmers, by scattering limited 
labor and means over unlimited acres, mostly dissi¬ 
pate the former, and at the same time wear out the 
latter; and fertility having been once sapped, the 
further application of the old system, becomes em¬ 
phatically, a lengthening, wearisome chase after lean 
and scattering crops. In the older settled districts 
of our country, we need to commence a severe con¬ 
densation in our farming,—to learn a juster adapta¬ 
tion of capital, labor and land to each other. Our 
farmers can only realise substantial profits, and 
maintain independence and true dignity, by good 
cultivation. 
Scanty crops offering no cheer to labor, it becomes 
laggard and faint: large crops stimulate labor; it 
easily surmounts obstacles, burdens lighten; it be¬ 
comes pleasure. F. Holbrook. Brattleboro ', Vt., 
S:pt. 5, 1850. _ 
Agricultural Education. 
Education forms and perfects the mind. It com¬ 
mences with the first dawn of intellectual light, and 
is not completed till the senses are paralised by age 
or destroyed by death. The early instructions of 
parents, the influence of associates, the accomplish¬ 
ment of labor, and the observations and experiences 
of daily life, all help form the individual character 
and educate the man. A small part of the sum 
total of education is derived from books—it is re¬ 
ceived from all sources where the senses communi¬ 
cate. 
A good education, is that amount of knowledge 
in kind and quantity, that fits an individual for his 
situation and pursuit in life, and to discharge aright 
the duties that the Almighty imposes upon him. 
Although the education of all commences alike and 
for a few years is the same, yet different vocations 
require a different direction of the mental powers 
