106 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
March, 
2. To make a plow to turn deep furrows, requiring the 
least practicable width in proportion to the depth of fur¬ 
row. 
3. To make a plow to turn deep narrow furrows, and to 
turn them on so easy a line of transit as to prevent 
breaks in the furrow-slice. 
4. To make a plow to turn deep narrow furrows on 
the easiest practicable twist, and to lighten the draught 
of the plow whenever it could be done without detri¬ 
ment to the best work. 
5. To make a series of sizes of plows for turning flat 
furrows, seven, nine, and twelve inches deep, each plow 
proportionately combining the above specifications. 
The experimental trials also led to the produc¬ 
tion of two sizes of plows for adhesive soils, lay¬ 
ing lapped furrows at an angle of 45° ,* and two 
sizes of plows for turning stubble furrows. 
Fig. 1, represents a furrow-side elevation of the 
No. 72, or smallest size of the new flat-furrow 
plows, and fig. 2, a horizontal plan of the same. 
In considering the remarks I offer upon the No. 
72 plow, it will be borne in mind that plow No. 
73, for furrows nine inches deep, and plow No. 74, 
for furrows twelve inches deep, each possess the 
same general form and working properties of No. 
72. They are each constructed upon the princi¬ 
ples of an ingenious scale, the lines of which 
applied to the mould-boards of the three plows, — 
are relatively the same throughout. 
Fig. 1, represents the handles as long and 
raking, which gives the plowman a powerful le¬ 
verage, and an easy and accurate control of 
the implement; the beam is high, and arches 
well over the coulter, to permit loose grass 
or other loose matters to pass off, and the 
plow to swim clear; the coulter is consequent¬ 
ly long, and is made wholly of steel, to give it the requisite stiffness; the 
wheel, or roller is nine inches in diameter, to prevent laboring and creaking 
on the axis, and it is set under the beam, experiments the past summer in¬ 
dicating that a wheel on the side of the beam gives the plow an unsteady 
movement; a wrench accompanies the plow, adapted to the adjustment of 
the coulter, roller, clevis, &c.; the draft rod is short, connecting with the 
beam forward of the coulter, in order to preserve the space under the 
beam in that region entire; the quadrant or clevis attached at the end 
of the beam, through the bolt of which the draft-rod passes, is adapt¬ 
ed to give the plow any desired landing or earthing; 
the mould-board is long, the line of transit over it for 
the furrow-slice, is easy, giving the slice a long, easy, 
and equal curvature throughout. 
Fig. 2, shows the inclination of the land-side, and the 
coulter has a corresponding inclination. Fig. 2 also 
shows the position of the beam over the body of the 
plow. The share and lower parts of the mould-board 
are narrow, and the mould-board is high, to adapt the 
plow to deep, narrow work. The share is long, with a 
raking cut, which gives it an easy entrance into the 
ground. 
Fig. 3, represents pretty well the movement of a fur¬ 
row-slice 7 inches deep and 11 inches wide, over the 
mould-board of this plow, and its final position after 
leaving the plow. The easy transit and the equal flexure 
of the slice, are noticable. By means of the inclined 
land-side and coulter, the slice is cut off the land upon 
a bevel, which very much facilitates its dropping in snug- 
ly beside the previously turned slice. It will be observ¬ 
ed that the width of cut made by the share is such as t© 
leave a good hinge uncut, upon which the furrow holds 
its proper position at the bottom, while the top is de¬ 
scribing a quarter of a circle to reach the perpendicular 
position, at which position the plow has ripped off the 
hinge. If the slice were cut entirely off by the share, it 
would be apt to push off at the bottom so far as to fail 
of being turned over to its proper position,—in other 
words, a wider furrow would need to be taken to turn 
well. 
Fig. 6. 
Fig 4 shows that, theoretically, a furrow cut straight 
from the land will shut in beside the previously turned 
furrow. The furrow slice, c, d, e, f, is cut straight 
down at a, b, and rising on the corner e, as a pivot, it 
describes a quarter circle, b, d, and then changing to f 
as a pivot, it describes another quarter circle, e, g, and 
shuts in snugly beside the previous furrow, g, h, i, k. 
But in practice it is difficult to make the furrows do so; 
they are very apt to ride on the corners, as represented 
by Fig. 5. With an inclined land-side, and a bevil-cut 
from the land, this practical difficulty is avoided. 
Fig. 6 represents the movement of the furrow-slice 
over an imperfect mould-board. It will be observed that 
the plow is too wide on the bottom to take a narrow fur¬ 
row, and if the attempt is made to turn a 11 inch furrow, 
there is no hinge left for it to turn on. The mould-board 
is so short, and wings over so excessively, that the fur* 
