220 CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. 
San Jose, which place shall be the permanent seat of goverment, until re¬ 
moved by law; provided, however, that two-thirds of all the members elected 
to each house of the Legislature shall concur in the passage of such law. 
Sec. 2. Any citizen of this State who shall, after the adoption of this con¬ 
stitution, fight a duel with deadly weapons, or send or accept a challenge to 
fight a duel with deadly weapons, either within the State or out of it; or who 
shall act as second, or knowingly aid or assist in any manner those thus 
offending, shall not be allowed to hold any office of profit, or to enjoy the 
right of suffrage under this Constitution. 
Sec. 3. Members of the Legislature, and all officers, executive and judicial, 
except such inferior officers as may be by law exempted, shall, before they 
enter on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following 
oath or affirmation. 
u I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be,) that I will support 
the Constitution of the United States, and the constitution of the State of Cali¬ 
fornia ; and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of-, 
according to the best of my ability.” And no other oath, declaration, or test, 
shall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust. 
Sec. 4. The Legislature shall establish a system of county and town gov¬ 
ernments, which shall be as nearly uniform as practicable, throughout the 
State. 
Sec. 5. The Legislature shall have power to provide for the election of a 
board of supervisors in each county; and these supervisors shall, jointly and 
individually, perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. 
Sec. 6. All officers whose election or appointment is not provided for by 
this constitution, and all officers whose offices may hereafter be created by 
law, shall be elected by the people, or appointed as the Legislature may 
direct. 
Sec. 7. When the duration of any office is not provided for by this consti¬ 
tution, it may be declared by law; and if not so declared, such office shall be 
held during the pleasure of the authority making the appointment; nor shall 
the duration of any office, not fixed by this constitution, ever exceed four years. 
Sec. 8. The fiscal year shall commence on the first day of July. 
Sec. 9. Each county, town, city and incorporated village, shall make pro¬ 
vision for the support of its own officers, subject to such restrictions and regu¬ 
lations as the Legislature may prescribe. 
Sec. 10. The credit of the State shall not in any manner be given or loaned 
to, or in aid of, any individual, association or corporation; nor shall the 
State, directly or indirectly, become a stockholder in any association or cor¬ 
poration. 
Sec. 11. Suits may be brought against the State, in such manner, and in such 
courts, as shall be directed by law. 
Sec. 12. No contract of marriage, if otherwise duly made, shall be invali¬ 
dated, for want of conformity to the requirements of any religious sect. 
Sec. 13. Taxation shall be equal and uniform throughout the State. All 
property, in this State, shall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascer¬ 
tained as directed by law; but assessors and collectors of town, county and 
