THE PRINCIPLES OF BOTANY. 175 
mal great pain, and that she would not rest until it was 
thrust out again. 
On examination I found a tumour about the size of a large 
hen's egg protruding from the vagina. At first sight it had 
every appearance of an everted bladder, but on manipulation 
I found it to be a firm fibrous tumour, with a long pedicle 
extending into the vagina. I at once put a ligature round 
the neck of the polypus and removed it with the scalpel, 
afterwards I gave by the anus iqxx of laudanum in water. 
In about an hour afterwards the bitch was delivered of three 
pups, and has since done well. Vaginal polypus is said to be 
extremely rare in the human subject. I am not aware 
whether it is so amongst our patients, but I relate this case 
simply to show that such causes may occasionally hinder 
parturition. 
THE PRINCIPLES OE BOTANY. 
By Professor James Buckman, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c. &c. 
{Continuedfrom p. 103.) 
We now come to the examination of a series of Conifera, in 
which the cone-bearing element is not so obvious on a cursory 
view, as it requires the analytical reasoning of a botanist to 
make out that the apparent berry of the yew, the savin, and 
the juniper, has the same initial structure as the common fir 
cone; the two may be distinguished as follows: 
1. Strobilus 07 • Conus .—An amentum, the carpella of which 
are scale-like, spread open, and bear naked seeds, sometimes 
the scales with little cohesion ; but they are often woody, 
and cohere into a single tuberculated mass. The firs described 
in our last are examples of these. 
2. Galbulus .—Differs from the Strobilus only in being 
round, and having the heads of the carpella much enlarged. 
The fruit of the juniper is a galbulus, with fleshy coalescent 
carpella.* 
We have now to notice the junipers, and the fruit of our 
common juniper is thus described by Dr. Pereira: 
“ Fruit commonly called a berry , but is in reality that kind 
of cone called by botanists a galbulus , which has fleshy coales¬ 
cent carpella, whose heads are much enlarged. It requires 
two seasons to arrive at maturity. The galbulus is black 
* ‘Lindley’s Introduction to Botany,’ vol. ii, p. 24. 
