SUPPLIES OF OPIUM AND SCAMMONY FROM TURKEY, 499 
A deunum of good land (about 1600 square yards), well 
prepared, will yield from 2 to 2^ okes of opium and 5 bushels 
of seed. But the yield of both opium and seed varies con¬ 
siderably. 
The inspissated juice is collected in earthen, copper, or 
wooden vessels, and a few days later it is moulded or kneaded 
into shape by the hands, with heat. After exposure for some 
time to the sun, the lumps or cakes are rolled over Rumex 
seeds, and wrapped in poppy leaves, in which state they pass 
into commerce. The great variety of shape, size, and appear¬ 
ance of these cakes of opium is remarkable, for each locality 
seems to have a special type or form of its own. 
The cultivator is always under heavy liabilities to specula¬ 
tors and dealers, who purchase his crop in advance, and 18 
to 25 per cent, interest is considered moderate. From these 
factors it passes again through three or four hands before it 
arrives at the ports of shipment. 
The opium obtained from small poppy-heads is the most 
rich in morphia, and siliceous clayey soils are found to be 
more favorable to the production of opium than light friable 
soils. 
The following was the export of opium from certain locali¬ 
ties in Turkey in the year 1866, which will serve as an in¬ 
dication to the principal seats of production : 
Localities. Okes. 
Igliakli.6,250 
Tckol.3,125 
Kikler.1,250 
Bolvadiua.3,125 
Hanya.3,125 
Sandikli.1,875 
Ckahvar.6,250 
Cheiklou.12,500 
Kara Hissar . . . .18,750 
Sihanli.7,500 
Gueive.2,000 
Lefke ..... 200 
Gueul Bazar .... 800 
Kara Hissar Saliib . . . 81,250 
Kkarpout (Malatia) ... 50 
Bh©des. 2 
Baloukesser .... 2,000 
Angora (Mihalidjik) . . . 2,000 
152,052 
As the oke is reckoned at lbs., this gives about 418,518 
