920 
BURSATIE. 
lated ulcers may be recognised by their projecting, knob-like, 
from the legs, with papillated surface, and everted, hardened, 
undermined edges. 
The medium ulcers, which occur singly, are generally seen 
on the body; they are of large size and possess hard bases. 
They may occur with one of the other variety, with edges 
livid and hard; they may or may not be scabbed. Scabs, 
when they exist, are very thin ; the surface is covered with 
pale, flabby granulations. The attempt at repair around the 
margin is characteristic of the medium ulcer. The phage¬ 
denic ulcer leaves a ragged cavity, is non-papillated; surface 
generally covered with a thin scab, lightly attached; edges 
everted, thickened, and undermined. 
Always examine the legs particularly for old cicatrices. If 
the horse is an old “ bursatied” subject the scars will quickly 
let the secret out. “Bursatied” subjects are very unsatis¬ 
factory workers, being frequently in hospital for treatment 
of ulcers situated on the shoulders, or parts in actual contact 
with the harness. The ulcers often occur in quick suc¬ 
cession, and render the animal very unsightly, for as soon as 
you destroy the surface of one sore, and the exudative matter 
becomes checked and a healthy aspect apparent, you only 
need examine your patient carefully to And another. I 
have experienced this over and over again. The ulcers which 
occur on the body are rarely seen posterior to the thorax, 
and it occurs to me that my worst cases have been among aged 
mares, rather than among geldings or stallions. The disease 
is wonderfully rife amongst horses that are badly cared for; 
for instance, those used in the native hackney carriages, the 
majority of which are ponies (vulgarly styled Indian Arabs). 
These poor beasts perform an incredible amount of hard 
work under the hottest sun, and are fed almost entirely on 
green-grass, yet they are capable of performing physical 
labour that would prove fatal to many a pair of upstanding 
horses, and it is among the first class of animals that the 
disease shows forth m its true colours. You can very rarely 
pass a hackney stand or stable without seeing several of these 
ponies with large scabbed ulcers exuding a dirty fluid, which, 
running down the face, renders the profile nude of hair; and 
here they stand suffering intolerable pain and exposed to 
the continual annoyance of flies and the exhaustive effects of 
a se tropical climate.” The natives seldom do anything to 
alleviate the sufferings of these unsightly victims so long as 
they are enabled to get one leg in front of the other on the 
road, and when worn out from hard work and disease they 
are turned loose in the streets to wander about, and ulti- 
