954 
CENTRAL VETERINARY MEDICAL SOCIETY. 
The President addressed the meeting at some length, thanking 
them for having elected him to the office, and paying a justly 
earned tribute to the retiring president. In the course of his 
remarks he dwelt on the subjects which he hoped the society 
would discuss, referring to the preservation of living marine 
animals in aquaria; hypodermic injection, and its influence in 
enteritis, rheumatism, muscular and nervous affections; the 
physiological action of drugs, and the use of the microscope. 
Mr. W. Clark (London) introduced a specimen of disease of 
the teeth and alveolar sockets ; the subject, a five-year-old entire 
horse, was noticed shortly after purchase to be addicted to quid- 
ding ; he lost flesh rapidly, and finally succumbed to an attack 
of colic. On post-mortem examination caries of the walls of 
the alveoli of the posterior molars was detected, and also an 
osseous enlargement inferiorly situated. 
Mr. J. B. Martin (Rochester) produced a specimen of 
diseased oesophagus. The subject from which the specimen was 
taken was a cart-horse in low condition, and from the indications, 
frothing at the mouth and other symptoms, Mr. Martin con¬ 
cluded the teeth were affected, but after the animal was de¬ 
stroyed an examination showed the teeth to be sound; there was, 
however, considerable enlargement and muscular hypertrophy 
of the lower portion of the oesophagus, as if from previous im¬ 
paction. 
Mr. W. Hunting (London) was then called upon to read his 
paper on roaring, in introducing which the essayist stated his 
sense of the obscurity of the term roaring, which conveyed no 
idea of the structural changes in the larynx or trachea. He said 
that if sufficient space existed for the passage of air the local 
mischief might continue, jeopardising the animal's life or 
comfort; therefore, as a radical cure was not possible, he would 
call attention to a possible means of relieving, not the disease, 
but its effects on respiration. He described two forms of roar¬ 
ing, one resulting from disease of the larynx, and the other con¬ 
sequent on some disease of the small air-passages. Among the 
causes referred to were the use of the bearing rein, paralysis of 
the left crico-arytenoid muscle from inflammation of the laryngeal 
membrane, and derangement of the motor nerve. The influence 
of castration on entire horses so affected was referred to. Mr. 
Hunting also stated his belief that all affected horses were narrow 
chested. The commoner forms of treatment and their effects were 
touched on, and an operation not much known or adopted was de¬ 
scribed. The operation, which is only effectual in cases which are due 
to paralysis of the crico-arytenoid muscle, consists in removal of the 
obstructing cartilage. Paralysis of the arytenoid muscle leaves 
one side of the glottis and one arytenoid cartilage passive, so that 
