DISEASES OF THE HEART IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
55 
During the first half of the disease, respiration is normal, but 
the disease progresses the respiration becomes interrupted, 
01 1, accelerated, and toward the end of life it increases to ex- 
ssive dyspnce and danger of asphyxia, owing to haemostasia. 
The physical signs are increased action of the heart and vio- 
at heart-beats, by which the walls of the chest are agitated, 
pericarditis be present with exudation at the same time in the 
iricardium, a peculiar vibration is communicated to the hand. 
3rcussion shows alterations only when the form and contents of 
e heart begin to change, owing to the setting in of the exuda- 
>n. The greatness of the altered form also corresponds to the 
tension of the dullness. 
It is also important to determine the cardiac sounds. At 
st partly louder or duller, apparently normal, these change dur- 
g the course of disease according as the valves are irritated bv 
e degree of inflammation and its products. The systolic mur- 
ars are always stronger than those of the diastole, often a me¬ 
dic sound is present, resulting from increased impulse of the 
art. If the inflammation be concentrated to such places where 
stronger current of blood circulates, the double murmur is per- 
ptible, which in human medicine is regarded as characteristic 
endocarditis. At places less exposed to the current of blood 
e sounds are weak or wanting altogether. Later we shall speak 
those murmurs which are produced by changes of the valves. 
A constant symptom in endocarditis is haemostasis in the 
I ifices of the veins, in consequence of which secondary hyper- 
aic and disturbed nutrition in the liver, spleen, kindey, mucous 
embrane, etc. Infiltration of the extremities, with indications 
dropsy, are prone to set in, in cases which have become chronic, 
scondary processes of cyanotic redness, hemorrhages and throm- 
*sis, are nearly always characteristic symptoms of endocarditis, 
tiich appear very readily in typhus and influenza. 
Such affections as originate either as natural defects of for- 
ation, or as a result of pre-existing and still existing diseases 
the heart, and gradually develop into a lingering and 
ronic disease, are enumerated under a third species of dis- 
ses of the heart. The continuance of these diseases is under 
