DISEASES OF THE HEART IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
57 
>stium nor valves are drawn into sympathy at the same time, 
is the expansion of the ventricle increases, its systole becomes 
rery imperfect; the pressure of the thinned walls is powerless, 
herefore the first sound is weak and indistinct. This indistinct- 
less of the first sounds is manifold, modified according to the 
leficiencies of the valves. 
In a high degree of the affection, secondary appearances, consec- 
itive diseases are constant as an invariable result of hypertrophy. 
Tims we find especially overfilling and expansion of the nervous 
ystem, hemorrhages in the brain, liver, spleen and the mucous 
nembranes, as also hypertrophy of these organs and appearances 
)f chronic affections. 
Additional consecutive diseases are : hydrophical accumulation 
n the limbs, and swelling on the sheath; emphysema of the 
ungs; often oedema of the lungs as the cause of death. Expan¬ 
ion of the heart causes these appearances to be more prominent; 
it the same time recurring dyspnoe, anxiousness, etc., is often 
>bserved upon the slightest movement. 
In mild attacks prognosis is not unfavorable. By care and 
ensible usage an animal may continue to live. (Bleeding in 
>articular, is very beneficial for such patients.) But if the dis¬ 
use develops to the high degree already described, such consecu- 
ive diseases as hemorrhage in the brain, lungs, spleen and liver, 
Iropsy, rupture, etc., may be expected. 
(b) ’Atrophy of the heart is scarcely to be diagnosticated dur- 
i- _ * 
ng life. To the present day fulcrums, which might enable us to 
dentify atrophy specifically as heart affection, are wanting. Aus- 
iultation nor percussion can give the necessary information, 
ffost likely the existence of partial atrophy might also be estab- 
ished, associated with the defects of the valves and expansion of 
he cavities of the heart with atrophic walls. 
(c) Rupture and laceration of the heart might be added here 
s a consequence of the changed substance of the heart. Above 
.11 it is to be noted, that rupture of the heart can occur only in 
ases of abnormal changes of the substance of the heart. The 
ymptoms manifest themselves very violently and are mostly of 
ery short duration. Apparent fear of death, shrieking, stagger- 
