DISEASES OF THE HEART IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 103 
_ 
The roughness on the lower end of these valves, or in the 
irta, sometimes produces a murmur during the systole of the 
mtricle and a similar sound is also heard in the aorta. In a more 
3veloped insufficiency the inpouring blood calls forth a buzzing 
oise after systole. The murmur arising during systole of the 
irta becomes intense in the region of the valves, spreads down- 
ard to the the apex of the heart and then can scarcely be heard, 
at all. 
D. Stenosis of the Orifices of the Aorta. 
Hypertrophy of the left ventricle and a corresponding enlarge- 
ent are the characteristic signs. The percussion sound and the 
llsation of the heart-beats are moderately increased. The incapa- 
lity of the valve to close increases, the heart-beat attains great 
>rce. The first murmur is distinctly discernible from the second 
»und. If the contraction of the valves be considerable, a loud 
>oing sound is heard; often a double murmur is present. 
E. Insufficiency of the Tricuspid Valves. 
An enlargement of the right auricle is present, with dullness 
: the percussion sound in the upper region of the heart. Swelling 
id pulsation of the jugular vein is always constant. In place of 
ie first cardiac sound this change causes a murmur and an indis- 
nct cardiac sound in the right ventricle, which is very weak or 
)t all perceptible. 
Herewith, I have given a few fulcrums by which the defects 
the valves can be identified. In utilizing these a diagnosis can 
i made, if not with absolute certainty, at least with great proba- 
lity. At all events sufficient moments can be found for practical 
irposes. 
The course of the anomalies of the valves may be very tedious, 
that under circumstances animals attain old age; but often 
e disease has a rapid fatal termination. Prognosis, in reference 
cure, is unfavorable, and, according to the degree of the affec- 
>n, doubtful and more or less difficult to determine. 
i 
(To be continued.) 
