154 
INCOGNITUS. 
very few veterinarians seem to have taken the trouble to thor¬ 
oughly investigate the matter for themselves, and hence there is 
a very great dearth of literature pertaining to this phase of our 
subject. But, notwithstanding this dearth, there is, taken in 
connection with our own observations, sufficient to convince us 
that the cerebrum is in a hypersemic condition, and that ansemid 
of the brain is rarely present even in the last stages of the dis¬ 
ease. 
As might well be expected, the urine intoxication theory has 
been treated with cold indifference in the domain of veterinary 
medicine, but since it is the one commonly accepted in human 
medicine, and since a large number of veterinarians are inclined 
to the belief that the same agencies produce the phenomena in 
both man and animals, it is certainly worthy of careful considera¬ 
tion. If this theory be accepted, it must also be admitted that 
in parturient apoplexy in cows, as in eclampsia parturientum in 
women, anuria as well as albuminuria precedes the attack. In 
regard to this matter Dr. Billings says: u The secretion of urine 
generally diminishes early in the attack; anuria is frequently 
present. The urine contains albumen and casts. Franck says he 
has frequently observed albumin to be present in the urine of 
cows antecedent to parturition. 
u Veterinarians do not seem to have given sufficient attention 
to this condition of the urine, a circumstance which must neces¬ 
sarily lead to mistaken views as to some of the complications, in 
fact that which we consider the chief one of the disease. 
u That albuminuria is present in nearly every severe case is 
unquestionably true, yet so practical a writer as Williams says: 
£ The urine is pale in color and free from albumin / the secretion 
is retarded .’ 
u Fleming says: 4 Micturition is also, as a rule, suspended from 
the commencement; consequently urine accumulates in the blad¬ 
der. When speaking of treatment he also says: ‘ The urine 
should be frequently removed from the bladder.’ 
“ Here are two errors, one due to false translation ; the other 
to want of practical experience, or perhaps forgetfulness. 
i( Micturition means passage of urine. Mr. Fleming should 
