why pasteur’s vaccine fails to prevent hoo cholera. 177 
»us. He even went so far as to admit that the bispherical microbe 
lescribed by Dr. Detmers in the American Naturalist was iden- 
ical with his germ. After this we were, of course, very much 
surprised to learn from Europe, through the correspondence of 
Or. Sternberg, who had just visited Pasteur’s laboratory, that 
Pasteur was sending out an elongated, rod-shaped organism, in 
>ther words a bacillus, and that he had apparently discarded 
be micrococcus which was first described. Later we received the 
vork of Lydtin and Schottelius, giving full details of their very 
borough investigations of Pasteur’s vaccine and of the German 
lisease called rothlauf\ which is believed to be identical with 
'ouget. They not only described, but figured the germ and de- 
nonstrated it to be a peculiar bacillus to which Pasteur’s descrip- 
ion of the germ originally found does not apply. 
The vaccine which Dr. Liautard obtained for us from Pas¬ 
teur’s laboratory contained these delicate bacilli which were fig- 
lred by Lydtin and Schottelius, and which had also been de¬ 
scribed by Loeffier and Schutz as causing the rothlauf of German 
swine. This microbe was very easily demonstrated by us not 
inly in the vaccine liquid, but also in the blood and internal or¬ 
gans of the mice and the pig which died after inoculation with 
t. There is consequently no opportunity left at this time for 
my one to contest the fact that the active principle in Pasteur’s 
/accine is an elongated filament or bacillus, which is so distinct 
n its shape that it could not be mistaken for a micrococcus. 
This microbe, which is probably the cause of a more or less 
serious and fatal disease of swine in Europe, is very delicate and 
lifficult to see even under the best microscopes unless the prepa¬ 
rations are suitably stained. The vaccines contain a relatively 
small number of these germs, and unless mounted and stained 
they are very easily overlooked. The liquids and tissues of ani¬ 
mals which have died from this contagion contain the germs in 
still smaller number, and to identify them without staining is 
next to impossible. 
How, the question is, how were the microscopical investiga 
dons made in Nebraska ? It is very well known that no one con- 
lected with the investigations there had previously been engaged 
