194 
C. E. MUNN. 
in close proximity to the stifles. Farmer Miles’ method of 
securing, as shown in Fleming’s “ Operative Surgery,” Vol. I. 
pages 36-40. is one of the best and safest that I have seen in 
practice. 1 he subject having been thrown, and properly secured, 
the operation is performed as follows :_ 
Ihe parts should be thoroughly cleansed with a warm anti¬ 
septic wash, all instruments having been previously disinfected 
with carbolised oil, or kept within reach of the operator in a basin 
of carbolised water. The incision should be from 10 to 13 cm. 
in length, commencing posteriorly, just above the anterior border 
of the pubis, and a little farther from the median line than is 
customary in castrating naturally-formed horses. The incision is 
to be made through the skin only. The fingers of one hand 
should be inserted beneath the skin, and worked a little to the 
outside and back, breaking down the subcutaneous tissue until 
1 oupait s ligament is reached. This will be but a short distance. 
Then the index and median fingers are to be passed over the pos- 
teiioi border of the ligament into the abdominal cavity, care being 
taken not to injure the ligament or to make the opening into the 
cavit} T any larger than necessary. The vicinity of the internal 
inguinal ring and brim of the pubis can then be explored, and, in 
most cases, by a careful rotary motion of the fingers, either the 
gubernaculum testis, the spermatic cord, or the testicle itself can 
be secured, and the testicle brought to the external opening. If 
the testicle or either of the guides to it are out of reach of the 
fingers, the whole hand will have to be inserted. It is verv evi¬ 
dent, therefore, that the operator with a narrow thin hand has 
considerable advantage over one whose hand is large and thick. 
The testicle having been brought to the external opening, I con¬ 
sider that the best method of removing it is by the 6eraseur, but 
the instrument must be a good one, that will operate without 
hemoirhage. Such ecraseurs are not common—at least, such has 
been my experience. 
If the operation is properly performed, and the animal well 
cared for afterwards, there need be but little fear of any bad 
results. The animal should be kept in a dry, well-ventilated 
stall, and given small feeds of easily-digested food, and but a 
