426 
CLIPPINGS FROM MEDICAL PAPERS. 
had died in the Zoological Gardens, from perforation of the ileum 
near the caecum, the Peyer’s patches were found to be ulcerated 
in the same manner, and presented the typical appearance as 
these structures do under the same condition in man. jNo other 
organ presented lesions of note. For some days before death the 
lemur had suffered from profuse diarrhoea, the keeper experi¬ 
encing considerable difficulty in keeping the cage clean. Dr. 
Bland was so positive that the ulcerations were typhoid that the 
death of other monkeys were predicted. 
Seven days later another monkey, which had lived in the cage 
with the first, died with the same symptoms and lesions; later, 
two other monkeys and a tiger died of the same disease. At the 
time these cases occurred typhoid fever was raging in the neigbor- 
ing district. 
In 1885 the Zoological Gardens received an instalment of six 
Canadian beavers. Four of these died with a disease lasting 
about six weeks, and characterized by disinclination to food and 
profuse diarrhoea. On post-mortem examination ulcerations of 
Peyer’s patches were discovered. 
Dr. W. L. Conklin, Superintendent of Central Park Men¬ 
agerie, reports a case of apparent typhoid occurring recently in a 
monkey. The animal had suffered from diarrhoea and hemor¬ 
rhages from the bowels, and an autopsy showed extensive ulcer¬ 
ations of Peyer’s patches. Dr. Bland states that the utmost care 
was taken to exclude the question of tuberculosis. 
Experiments with cultures of the typhoid bacillus have, it is 
believed, resulted in producing a disease allied to, or identical 
with, typhoid in the rabbit and guinea-pig, although here experi¬ 
menters differ. 
There is, however, more or less evidence that typhoid fever 
can affect not only man, but the quadrumane—the tiger, cat, 
and dog, the guinea-pig and rabbit, and possibly the horse. 
The importance of this fact, if established, is twofold: It 
makes it possible to study the disease more systematically, and to 
apply to it experimental methods; again if our menageries and 
our stables can breed the typhoid poison, it is a matter of the 
highest importance that this should be known .—Medical Record. 
