566 
DR. BILLINGS 
and then be equal to producing the typical lesions of swine plague 
in the majority of the swine inoculated. 
The lesions of swine plague, as we see it in this country, in 
the large intestine, are so specifically striking that did they occur 
in Germany it is singular that none of their investigators men¬ 
tion them. In this regard I desire especially to call attention to 
one statement of Hueppe’s (on another page), which is so differ¬ 
ent from anything Schutz has mentioned that it is worthy of 
notice. He says : “ The caseous process which one sometimes 
sees in the intestines of swine are to be looked upon as a chronic 
intestinal form of swine-plague In the American disease the 
caseous products are particularly characteristic of the acute ul¬ 
cerative stage , while the indurative-neoplastic radial productions 
follow on them (the caseous mass having been exfoliated), and 
are not only indicative of a chronic process, but of an attempt at 
healing. It is this peculiar condition, which Detmers mistakenly 
calls “ swine-plague tumors,” which no German writer men¬ 
tions. See my article on the Etiology of Swine-Plague.—B. 
Hueppe’s description of the development and different biolog¬ 
ical stages of this organism correspond exactly with those I have 
given for that of swine-plague. 
Having given the above description of the mature organism, 
he says: “ 1 look upon the vegetative forms of this organism in 
cultures and in the blood as resembling cocci , according to the 
stage of development. (And I should say the view one gets of 
them; that is, whether they present a side or end view.—B.) 
They present themselves to the eye as round or slightly elongated 
ellipsoid bodies , which take the coloring material up in all parts 
of the bodyP 
“ This form soon extends itself to a shorter or longer object 
with markedly round ends. The plasma of these short organisms 
differentiates within the capsule and isolates itself at either pole 
before fission takes place, while the capsule still retains the form 
of the short-rod ; it finally separates into two young, roundish 
cells. According to the rapidity of development and the age of 
the culture, the numerical relations of the different morpholog¬ 
ical appearances of this organism may vary, sometimes one form 
