68 
LIVERPOOL VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
the application of blisters and setons to the poll and the back of 
the ears. 
Mr. Tom Taylor remarked that he thought the most interesting 
thing to arrive at in these cases would be the capability of distin¬ 
guishing by the symptoms between temporary functional derange¬ 
ment of the brain and organic derangement, so as to be a guide to a 
decision. 
Mr. Morgan spoke of the fact that animals with organic derange¬ 
ment of the brain invariably kept up their condition well, and 
instanced a case of a fat cow w'ith an ossified brain, the report of 
which he read. 
Mr. Tom Taylor alluded to a case of fracture of the ethmoid and 
sphenoid bones that had come under his notice, which had been 
. caused by a horse falling on his incisor teeth. The symptoms pre¬ 
sent in this case were similar to those in the one he had related, 
especially the symptom of boring with the teeth. 
In reference to this, Mr. Storrar said he had seen the symptom 
present in simple functional derangement. 
The President instanced a case similar to Mr. A. Lawson’s, in one 
of his own horses. He could not account for it in any way, and 
she worked for years after in a cab without a return of it. 
Other gentlemen also spoke of having seen such cases, Mr. Storrar 
mentioning that the Scottish shepherds frequently passed a stocking 
needle up the nostrils of sheep into the brain, and gave them imme¬ 
diate relief. 
Mr. Taylor still adhered to the opinion that the intense boring 
of the head was characteristic of great pressure on the brain. 
Mr. Greaves remarked that the subject was one of great interest 
to all, and he thought it very desirable that we should be enabled 
to diagnose these cases correctly. He remembered one case of 
abscess in the substance of the cerebrum, where the symptom 
spoken of by Mr. Taylor was particularly marked, the animal also 
describing a circle in his movements. He had also had several 
horses the subjects of fits under his care at various times, all of 
which had recovered, but he attributed their recovery to the employ¬ 
ment of setons; he had used all other known remedies, and had 
found the seton succeed after their failure. He also expressed the 
opinion that the usual mode adopted in the treatment of these cases 
was bad. 
Mr. Walley related the particulars of a case in a cart-horse, 
where, from a kick, there was a fracture an inch square, causing an 
opening of that size in the frontal bone, the jagged edges of the 
fractured bone being driven inwards. This horse’s brain could be 
freely probed without his evincing the slightest symptoms of the 
fact; and in allusion to this subject, Mr. Greaves cited the example 
of a Manchester surgeon, who was in the habit of forcing stocking 
needles into the brains of his patients, without giving rise to 
untoward results ; both these instances going far to prove how 
much the brain may be interfered with without there being much 
evidence of the same. 
