ANALYSIS OF CONTINENTAL JOURNALS. 
199 
pharyngeal, laryngeal, and lingual mucous membrane. The 
character and succession of the symptoms, with the nature 
of the secretions, and the duration of the maladv, have led 
me to designate it as Crovpous avgina, 
d'he croup, which is considered as a special affection of the 
human species, has its principal seat in the air-passages; if 
the contagious nature of it were less problematic, would it 
not suffice to approximate it to the malady which w’e have 
described. 
The pip, considered as a disease of the gaflinaceae, has 
no analogy with it. The other affections of poultry bear still 
less relation to this malady, which resembles, evidently, the 
diphtheria of Bretonneau, the angina pseudo-membranous of 
the ancients, and which prevails sometimes epidemically in 
the human subject. 
Treatment .—At the commencement of the attack, and be¬ 
fore the development of the papillary hypertrophy, the spong¬ 
ing of the local mucous membrane with an alcholic watery 
mixture of iodine is to be recommended. After the appearance 
of the hypertrophy of the follicles, the amputation of the ti[) of 
the tongue by means of crooked scissors, with the immediate 
cauterization with nitrate of silver, are recommended. These 
operations are to be repeated if required, followed by the 
administration of a few drops of the solution of chlorate of 
potash several times a day, and, as a tonic, a few drops of 
quinine wine, and bread crumbs for diet. Prophylactic mea¬ 
sures include sequestration and the speedy removal of the 
dead, disinfection of the henroosts and court yards where the 
fowls are kept. 
Etiology .—The causes which annually determine about 
March or April the appearance of this affection in the depart¬ 
ment of the Gironde seem to be very obscure ; it occurs under 
such different conditions of soil, position of the localities, 
methods of breeding, hygiene, and alimentation. Its mani¬ 
festations have presented, and constantly present, peculiarities 
often fantastical, but always inexplicable. It attacks indif¬ 
ferently all the poultry yards, those of the rich and the fancier, 
who possess the finest and best breeds, and are placed under the 
most favorable hygienic conditions, these are devastated as well 
as those of the poor and the farmer. The high and elevated 
grounds are visited as well as the low-lying villages and 
marshy districts—none escape. For the last fifteen years it 
has periodically, at least once a year, visited every poultry yard 
where it had once been. Only in those places where hygiene 
and science intervene, its ravages have not been so great, and 
in several poultry yards the affection is half conquered. 
