320 SUBMUCOUS HAEMORRHAGE IN INTESTINES OF A HORSE. 
From the owner’s account^ it appears that the horse^ a bay 
five-year old carriage horse, was purchased on February 1st 
of a dealer in the country. The animal was brought to 
London by railway, and was used, as young horses are used, 
very gently, both in harness and saddle, for a few weeks, 
care being taken not to overwork him. In the beginning of 
March he was noticed to have a slight cold, but the indis¬ 
position was of so trifling a character that no advice was 
sought, and the daily exercise was not discontinued; febri¬ 
fuge draughts were administered, and in a week the horse 
was considered to have recovered. 
On the morning of March 12th symptoms of spasmodic 
colic were observed ; or, as the attendant expressed it, the 
horse was griped."’’ The sudden appearance of this malady 
is not so unusual among the horses of a large establishment 
as to excite alarm, and therefore nothing more was done in 
this case than to give one draught composed of the ordinary 
fever mixture, with the addition of tincture of opium. No 
improvement took place, and at 10 o’clock a.m. attention 
was called to the animal, then labouring under the following 
symptoms: 
General appearance haggard; expression of countenance 
indicative of sufiering ; the top lip was swollen and glossy, 
and internally abraded ; pulse quick, small, and hard; respi¬ 
ration laboured and principally carried on by the abdominal 
muscles. The horse frequently altered his position, but none 
of the movements wxre suggestive of very acute pain. 
From the general appearance of the animal, rather than 
on account of any specific symptoms, an unfavorable opinion 
was formed, which was verified by the result. 
On the following day at 12 o’clock the horse died. 
It was particularly noticed that during the attack the 
excretions were normal in character, and at no time was the 
suffering so acute as to cause very violent expressions of 
pain. The horse never rolled, kicked at the abdomen, 
nor in any way manifested those symptoms of impatient 
tolerance of pain characteristic of spasmodic colic. 
Post-mortem examination fow hours after death, —Imme¬ 
diately on opening the abdomen, the caecum and a portion 
of the ileum protruded; both parts "were nearly blaek in 
colour, and the small intestine had a peculiarly solid appear¬ 
ance, precisely as though it had contracted upon some hard 
body contained within it. When the whole of the viscera of 
the abdominal cavity were exposed to view, the lesions were 
seen to be exceedingly circumscribed in extent, but, at the 
same time, verv decided in their character. 
