SUBMUCOUS II.EMOIIRHAGE IN INTESTINES OF A HORSE. 321 
Eeferring first to the aspect of the exterior of the organs, 
the greater part of the intestinal canal was normal. About 
two feet of the small intestine at its commencement from 
the pylorus, and the same extent at its termination in the 
caecum caput coli, were dark in colour and contracted; all 
between these two distant points was externally free from 
every appearance of disease. The caecum and a portion of 
the colon at its commencement were also nearly black in 
colour; all posterior to these parts were perfectly normal: 
stomach, spleen, liver, kidneys, and bladder presented exter¬ 
nally a perfectly healthy appearance. The stomach and 
those parts of the intestinal canal which showed the most 
marked evidence of disease were opened for the purpose of 
making an examination of the mucous membrane. In the 
stomach very little derangement was apparent; a few small 
patches of congested membrane were seen, and these, on 
being closely inspected, were found to be associated with 
exudation of blood beneath the mucous tissue, to a sufficient 
extent to cause slight elevation of the membrane in those 
parts. 
The mucous membrane of duodenum and commencement 
of the jejunum, in all a length of about two feet from the 
pylorus, presented a very extraordinary appearance. The 
mucous membrane was quite black in colour and irregularly 
elevated by submucous haemorrhage to the extent of nearly 
half an inch in height, and in many parts there were yellow 
patches, of the size of a shilling, of dead tissue, which could be 
easily detached from the subjacent structures. Similar 
appearances were observed in the ileum about eighteen inches 
from its termination, and also in the caecum, and in a portion 
of the colon. 
Other parts of the intestine which externally appeared free 
from disease were opened, and on the lining membrane here 
and there circumscribed patches of elevated and congested 
tissue were seen; but the internal, as well as the external, 
surface of the greater part of the tube was perfectly 
healthy. 
The contents of the intestines were generally fiuid. 
A small quantity only of ingesta was found in the 
duodenum tightly compressed by the contracted walls of the 
tube. A quantity of partly digested food was found in the 
caecum and commencement of the colon ; but posterior to 
these parts the canal was nearly empty. 
Description altogether fails to convey an adequate idea of 
the extraordinary nature of the changes which had taken 
place; they can only be realized on the supposition that 
