474 MIDLAND COUNTIES VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
the head, which is often seen of an enormous size, the lips, espe¬ 
cially the upper, and the wings of the nostrils, being swollen to such 
an extent as to render the breathing difficult and suffocation 
imminent. 
The pulse is frequent, generally over GO, and feeble. 
The appetite is very variable, in some cases continuing good until 
the last, in others it cannot be tempted. 
The secretions are diminished, the dung is hard and covered with 
mucus, sometimes streaked with blood. Urine is lightish coloured, 
thick, ropy, generally containing albumen, and frequently small 
blood-clots. 
The Schneiderian, buccal, and conjunctival membranes show 
dark red or purple spots, differing in size and irregular in shape. 
These spots become confluent later on, and the membrane becomes 
one universal purple colour. The tongue is furred and dirty, mouth 
clammy, cold. There is often a thin sanious discharge from 
the nose, fetid and offensive in character, and streaked with 
blood. 
The symptoms become daily aggravated, and on the third or 
fourth day bloody serum may be seen oozing through the skin of 
the thighs or in the bend of the heels. Partial sweats intervene, 
and the perspiration, being impregnated with the colouring matter 
of the blood, adds to the distressing appearance of the patient, which 
generally sinks towards the seventh or eighth day. 
The 'post-mortem appearances show that effusion of blood has 
taken place more or less in all the tissues of the body—beneath the 
skin, in the substance of muscles, throughout the whole course of 
the intestines, on the surface of the heart, and even between the 
membranes of the brain. 
My object in introducing this subject to your notice is mainly to 
elicit a discussion on the best means of treatment, and I will 
therefore not occupy your time with many remarks of my own on 
the subject. 
The late Mr. Field, in his ‘ Records,’ advocated bleeding and 
general antiphlogistic remedies in these cases, but I think you will 
agree with me that the reverse is indicated. 
Aperient medicine, perhaps, at the onset of the disease, may be 
given, in a very mild dose. Turpentine in small doses, 5iij to 5vj, 
and repeated every five or six hours, has been strongly recom¬ 
mended by many practitioners, and I have used it with some 
benefit, but its use cannot be persevered with for any length of time 
on account of the excessive strangury it induces. Very great relief 
is derived from hot fomentations, and, indeed, it is absolutely neces¬ 
sary to foment almost continually, and occasionally scarify the 
nostrils, or they would become entirely closed and the patient be 
suffocated. 
Porter, where the animals will drink it, and they generally will, 
may be given with good effect. I have given as much as two quarts 
four or five times a day. 
Scarlatina differs essentially from purpura in that it originates in 
