OUR LIVE STOCK, 
533 
distinct species. The European breeds of humpless cattle 
are numerous. The number of Britisli races is well known; 
even the small Channel Islands have their breeds and sub- 
breeds^ and Moll and Gayot describe and figure no fewer 
than fifty-five European species. The origin of these closely 
allied, yet evidently well-marked tribes has been traced by 
Nilsson and Riitimeyer. Following the latter authority we 
may mention Bos Brimigemis, the ancestor of some of the 
larger Continental races, as the Friesland and the Hungarian 
cattle, the Pembroke in Britain, and which no doubt now 
exists, in a degenerate form, as the wild ox of Chillingham 
Park. 
Besides Bos Brimigenus there are two other species of the 
genus from which our European cattle are supposed to have 
been descended. The first of these, Bos Longifroyis or Bra- 
chgceros, was of small size and short-legged. The Highland 
and some of the Welsh breeds are supposed by Professor 
Owen to have been descended from this species. Remains 
of Bos Longifrons have been found associated with those of 
the elephant and rhinoceros. The last species, Bos frontosus, 
existed in the same late geological period, and is believed by 
Nilsson to have been the progenitor of the mountain cattle 
of Norway, [distinguished by a bony protuberance on the 
skull between the horns. 
We see, therefore, that at least three distinct species of 
Bos have been domesticated in Europe. Besides these we 
find the zebu, yak, buffalo, and gayal domesticated in various 
parts of the world. The uniform colour of the Chillingham 
cattle has always been one of their best marked peculiarities. 
In general the colour may be described as white, with 
reddish-brown inside the ears. This uniformitv of colour 
is to be observed in some domesticated foreign breeds, and it 
has been ascertained that cattle, which have run wild in the 
Ladrone Islands and the Falkland Islands, have assumed a 
similar light or white colour, with black ears and occasional 
black heads. Other instances might be given to show the 
tendency of escaped cattle to become white with coloured 
ears, while in other cases a uniform dark brownish-red hue 
has been assumed.— AgricttUtiral Gazette. 
