AN URINARY CALCULUS AND ITS EXPULSION. 
741 
spasmodic efforts to urinate. The flow of urine was scanty, 
irregular, and abrupt, sometimes in jets, at others in small 
streams (voided without force), which now and then w^ere 
suddenly checked by spasm of the neck of the bladder. The 
colour of the fluid became slightly tinged with the colouring 
matter of the blood. 
On the second day, excepting that the symptoms were 
more aggravated, there was little alteration in the patient. 
On the third day she evinced extreme pain when about to 
urinate, by kicking, stamping, and sometimes lying down, 
but failed to pass much urine. After excessive straining and 
many unsuccessful attempts to relieve herself of something 
per vagiiiam, she at last forcibly expelled a calculus. Its 
removal was immediately followed by a copious discharge of 
highly coloured fluid. 
From this time she experienced relief. For several days 
the urine was somewhat discoloured, due to slight laceration 
in the neck of the bladder and urethra. Within a week she 
recommenced her duty, and has since continued in health and 
condition. 
The only treatment adopted was the administration of 
Potassae nitras, increased in dose from the first to the third 
day. 
Description of the Calculus. 
The size and weight of the calculus, looking upon it as a 
body passed per urethram, struck one as being enormous. 
Size .—The former, by its greatest circumference, measures 
nine inches, by its smallest seven and a half inches. It is 
three inches long and broad, and its greatest thickness 
is two inches. 
Weight .—The latter, after several months’ exposure to a 
very dry and heated atmosphere, is exactly six and a half 
ounces. 
Odour .—It possesses a strong ammoniacal and urine-like 
odour, particularly pungent and disagreeable on its inner 
surfaces, which have been exposed by section. 
Shape .—An irregular ovoid, having a triangular tendency, 
laterally compressed, presenting upper and lower surfaces, 
three borders, and three rounded angles. 
The upper surface, or that which is considered to have 
been more or less free in the cavity of the bladder, and the 
upper half of the borders, excepting at their anterior and 
posterior parts, are roughened and tuberculated, that is, of 
the mulberry character. 
The lower or contiguous surface, which is much less convex 
