792 
LIVERPOOL VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
ceeds as forward as the ciliary ligament, where it terminates in a jagged 
margin, the ora serrata. It is made up of three layers, external or 
columnar, Jacob’s membranaa, middle or granular, and internal or nervous 
layer. The blood is derived from the arteria centralis retinae. 
As the refracting media are more vascular, and therefore cannot suffer 
directly by inflammation, I will not take up your valuable time by their 
consideration. 
The vessels of the globe are the short, long, and anterior ciliary ar¬ 
teries, and the anterior centralis retinae, derived from the muscular and 
lachrymal branches of the ophthalmic. The veins are four in number, 
and perforate the sclerotic midway between the cornea and optic nerve, 
and terminate in the ophthalmic. 
The nerves are the optic, the long ciliary from the nasal branch of the 
ophthalmic, and the short ciliary from the ciliary ganglion. 
Inflammation of the conjunctiva or simple ophthalmia arises from 
many causes, some of which are catarrh, diseases of the brain, liver, or 
any of the digestive organs. 
Traumatic from a blow from a whip, the admission of any extraneous 
body, such as a hay seed, spark, &c., and, in fact, from causes which 
produce inflammation in any other part of the body, such as variations of 
temperature, especially if accompanied by intense light or heat, and 
lastly from metastasis. When the cause is unknown it is called idio¬ 
pathic. 
The first symptoms are the overflow of tears down the cheeks, inability 
to bear light, and consequent closing of the lids; the globe assumes a 
small appearance from being drawn into the orbit, the protrusion of the 
haw. The four symptoms of inflammation are plainly discernible, heat, 
redness, pain, and swelling; the bright redness being remarkable, for in 
health this part is supplied with the colourless portion of the blood, but 
in inflammation the anastomosing branches of the vessels become injected 
with red blood, and present a remarkable but by no means uncommon 
appearance. 
This inflammation exists in all degrees of intensity, for if any extra¬ 
neous body be not speedily removed, the eye quickly assumes this symp¬ 
tom of redness, as we all well know this to be a daily occurrence in the 
forge. We have acute and chronic conjunctivitis, and it is necessary to 
attend particularly to symptoms by which they are distinguished, as the 
mode of treatment of the one is very different to that of the other. If 
the acute symptoms do not quickly subside, it passes into the chronic 
stage; by the term chronic, we mean when tlie symptoms have passed 
from the acute, and appear to be partially subsiding, and have left the 
parts in a flaccid debilitated condition. 
The treatment of conjunctivitis is, generally speaking, very simple, and 
very successful; the acute symptoms having subsided, the chronic would 
not unfrequently subside, if left to itself; this, however, would be 
dangerous practice, to relax treatment until the eye is perfectly able to 
bear light, as inflammation of this membrane might lead on to inflamma¬ 
tion ot the deeper-seated parts, and suppuration, disorganization, and 
ultimate loss of sight be the consequence. Should the attack be very 
severe, we have a hot, dry skin, rougli coat, and quick, hard pulse. The 
conjunctiva also becomes elevated at the transparent cornea, owing to 
the coat being here most adherent, and the swelling in consequence 
greatest; this appearance is called chemosis. 
In the chronic stage the redness will be less apparent, the eye better 
able to bear light, the flow of tears not so profuse, and the chemosis 
