74 
ON PARASITES OF THE ASS. 
found as a small white worm lying on the mucous membrane 
or the surface of the intestinal contents (when these have 
been carefully separated from each other), or larger as a red 
worm pointed at each extremity in the same situations. The 
frequency of this parasite is, if anything, underrated, for 
there are often present small calcareous spots in the mucous 
membrane of the caecum, which may be due to these, but 
which I have considered solifciry glands in a state of 
calcareous degeneration. 
It will be seen that I state the presence of Spiroptera in 
one subject, the parasites in this case occupied tumours of 
the mucous membrane of the returning portion of the double 
colon, and the appearance of these tumours differed markedly 
from those above mentioned, as produced by Str. armatus 
as being pus-bearing and somewhat chambered. The 
parasites were peculiar in figure, but I am open to correction 
in this matter. The Filaria papillosa from the peritoneal sac 
Dr. Cobbold was good enough to determine for me, and to 
him I am indebted for information as to the Str. armatus 
from the same situation. With regard to other nematodes 
the infrequency of Ascaris megalocephala is noteworthy as 
bearing on the source of this parasite, which is frequent in 
our well-housed and well-fed horses; but before making any 
deductions we require to confirm our observations. 
Str. micrurus occurs frequently, but we rarely note any 
marked morbid lesions consequent upon its presence, 
except excessively tenacious condition of the mucus of the 
membrane where the parasites are lying. 
Representing the adult Taeniae, we find Tania perfoliata 
frequent in the caecum and commencement of the colon, we 
observe it in one case in several stages of development ; and 
we have several times, among the numerous Taeniae found in 
a subject, considered that we had found a specimen of 
T.plicata , but such specimens being imperfect and immature, 
we have never been assured of the presence of the latter 
tapeworm. Echinococci small and calcified were observed in 
three subjects, in two occupying the liver, in one the lung. 
Once, too, we saw a conglomerate, calcified mass of small 
nodules, which looked like aggregated cysticerci in a calcified 
condition, but may have been composed of very small 
Echinococci or of calcified tubercles. Here we may note 
those cystoid bodies of doubtful nature to which I have drawn 
attention, and which lie in the fat between the peritoneum 
and the abdominal muscles. They occurred in four subjects. 
Of Trematodes, Fasciola hepatica was comparatively rare, 
only two subjects containing specimens; these in each case 
