SYNOPSIS OF CONTINENTAL VETERINARY JOURNALS. 159 
or on parts which are prone to congestion through previous 
inflammation. Of the ligature as a means of exeresia [re¬ 
moval of tumours). In horses and asses I have employed 
it for, perhaps, a hundred cases to remove the warts, some¬ 
times of very large size, which appear generally upon the 
sheath, glans penis, skin of inferior part of abdominal walls, 
and that of the breast. Success has always resulted, and 
the patients have never seemed to me to suffer much. I also 
thus removed an immense epithelial tumour of diameter 
twenty centimetres, and weight eight kilogrammes, from the 
shoulder of a horse; it previously rendered the animal unfit 
for work, but fell off in fifteen days. An epithelial tumour 
from the outer surface of the hock, weighing 4 kilogrammes, 
fell off in twelve days; it recurred eighteen months after ; and 
was removed again by ligature, but five days after the fall of 
the tumour, twenty days after the operation, the animal suc¬ 
cumbed to tetanus. Ruminants. —Removed enormous warts 
from skin of abdomen in great number; also a large tumour 
from the elbow of a cow, looking like a sponge, and as large 
as a child’s head, fell in twenty days, the length of time re¬ 
sulting from the thickness of skin of ruminants. Carnivora. 
—Ten successful operations for removal of carcinomatous 
tumour or pseudo-cancer of the mamary gland in bitches; 
also removal of an enormous erectile tumour from right ante¬ 
rior jaw of a dog of the Aguado kennel of Basses-Loges. 
Treatment of fistulous ulcers .—In the horse, to cure fistulous 
Avithers I place caoutchouc in the wound, after having 
considerably stretched it, I alloAv it to resume its original 
size ; loss of matter after this occurs slowly, and the necrosed 
parts can be easily expelled, and caustic injections be applied 
with greater readiness. Reversion of the uterus of a bitch 
Avas treated by means of the elastic ligature ; the case Avas 
of three days’ standing, and reduction was impossible; in 
five days the organ sloughed off, and the animal recovered. 
Epithelial tumours of the lips of the vagina removed suc¬ 
cessfully in five cases of this affection of the cow, in no case 
Avas there recurrence. In umbilical hernia of foals, from 
experience of three cases, the ligature seems to me to be 
preferable to the suture, clamp, or even nitric cauterisation; 
it is quicker than the suture; the clamp is liable to fall off, 
in the male patient it is apt to interfere with the sheath and 
it does not produce such uniform pressure as does the elastic 
ligature ; but the latter must be retained by means of a 
skeAver, for otherwise the ceaseless effort of the panniculus Avill 
result in casting of the ligature. Fall of the horns in sheep. 
—A horn encircled at its base by a caoutchouc band no longer 
