160 SYNOPSIS OF CONTINENTAL VETERINARY JOURNALS. 
obtains nourishment, the band soon forms for itself a groove 
round the base of the horn, and after seven or eight, some¬ 
times twelve days, if you seize the horn it will remain in 
your hands. As a haemostatic a strong caoutchouc tube or 
an elastic band of about twenty-five centimetres long, bearing 
at one end a metallic ring and at the other a crotchet (a 
garter in fact), is a powerful means of haemostasis, useful 
whenever operations on the foot are necessary. This is 
always preferable to simple inelastic cord or tape. In cases 
of puncture of the carotid an elastic band is of great value; 
also in bleeding ruminants an elastic is preferable to an ordi¬ 
nary band. Castration (Equidse).—Twelve horses and colts; 
covered operation with elastic band; one case of tetanus. 
Testicles fell in two or three days, or sometimes later. Four 
asses similarly operated upon without any ill result. 
(Bovidae).—Six bulls operated upon by the method known 
as “ lashing ,” the ligature embracing the whole scrotum and 
contents. Ligature 8 mm. in diameter. Complete mortifica¬ 
tion on the fifth day. I remove the mortified mass on the 
fifth day a little below the ligature. The animal seems to 
suffer little pain, and rumination is not suspended. This 
simple means seems preferable to use of the clamps; it is 
quickly applicable when the elastic band used is in the form of 
the above-mentioned haemostatic garter. (Ovidae).—Twenty- 
five castrations, by covered operation, of rams eighteen 
months old; two cases of gangrene and one of tetanus. 
Four hundred by the method of elastic cc lashing /” one 
doubtful case of gangrene, two of tetanus, at all times of the 
year, even during the excessive heat of July without acci¬ 
dent. Two thousand castrations by lashing of sucking lambs, 
of two or three months, during excessively hot weather; 
three cases of tetanus. This method has been adopted by 
several practitioners. It has been found that tearing the 
testicles away in hot weather is very liable to cause gangrene. 
Two boars and three dogs operated on by covered opera¬ 
tion with elastic ligature by M. Dordelle. In July a case 
of strangulated hernia successfully treated by this means. 
Three cases of champignon, resulting from castration with 
the clamps, successfully removed by elastic ligature ; also a 
case of epiplocele in the horse five days after castration. 
Sutures .—In five or six cases prolapsus of the vagina or 
uterus of the cow was treated by insertion, as two sutures 
through the lips of the vulva, of the caoutchouc tube, 8 mm. 
in diameter. The ligature was found to remain as long as 
required without decomposition, to cure the prolapsus, and 
not inconvenience the animal. In ordinary sutures for 
