330 SYNOPSIS OF CONTINENTAL VETERINARY' JOURNALS. 
in animals slaughtered when manifesting the first symptoms 
what lymph glands are invaded by Bacterids. Ascertaining 
this fact informs us that inoculation occurred at the part of 
the body whence the lymph vessels of these ganglia come. 
The season was not favorable to the development of charbon, 
so M. Toussaint could not, as he wished, assist in the deve¬ 
lopment of the disease, and could only examine animals 
which had been dead for some hours. In twelve sheep and 
two calves examined post mortem , the Bacteria were first 
proved to be in the blood. M. Toussaint, after removing the 
skin with care, examined the lymphatic glands, commencing 
with those of the limbs and trunk, or with those of the 
splanchnic cavities. This examination, conducted with the 
aid of the microscope, showed which glands were affected and 
which unaffected. In eleven of the twelve sheep the parti¬ 
cularly characteristic lesions resulting from the presence and 
the action of the Bacterids, were observed in the glands 
which receive the lymphatics of the tongue and the pharynx, 
and consecutively in the prepectonal and prescapular glands. 
He in every case found healthy visceral glands. “ I can 
thus affirm,” he says, “ that in eleven out of the twelve cases 
examined, the spores or the Bacteria penetrated by the 
mouth or by the pharynx.” He expresses his astonishment 
that the marked characters and frequence of the lesions of 
the pharynx and of the neck escaped the attention of 
former observers. Similar lesions were found in similar 
situations in the two calves, but in one case only one side 
was affected, whence M. Toussaint affirmed inoculation of 
only one side of the mouth and pharynx had occurred. In 
the twelfth sheep lesions were met with only in the right 
popliteal gland, which implied in this case entry of Bacteria 
by the right hind limb. Success did not attend examination 
for the exact point of inoculation. 
M. Toussaint agrees with M. Pasteur as to the nature of 
the wounds of the mouth through which inoculation occurs, 
for he found that experimentally puncture of the fraenum 
linguee sufficed to produce a point for inoculation ; he has 
always obtained the same results. The lesions of the so- 
called “ spontaneous ” charbon are identical with those of the 
experimentally produced form of the disease. The second ques¬ 
tion, “Where and how are the germs of Bacteria preserved?” 
neither M. Toussaint nor M. Pasteur has resolved, for this 
necessitates long and laborious work, since the Bacteria spores, 
though Bacteria themselves, have no specific feature which 
will allow of their recognition among the numerous allied 
species which exist dormant on the smallest blade of grass in 
