SYNOPSIS OF CONTINENTAL VETERINARY JOURNALS. 411 
practices ; in small states—Belgium, Switzerland, and in 
South Germany—on the contrary, there are enough or too 
many practitioners. In these small states now more advanced 
scientific knowledge might advantageously be required from 
veterinarians in the future. This influence of large and 
small states upon the position and number of these veterina¬ 
rians has been remarkably illustrated in the formation of the 
German Empire; various states, such as Baden, Hesse, and 
Saxony, where empiricism was not tolerated, and where 
there were no longer empirics, again became overrun by them 
when the Prussian law regulating industries ( Gewerbede - 
rung) became applied to the whole empire; Saxony, especially, 
which enjoyed an admirable organisation, due especially to 
the influence of M. Haubner, has suffered much from this 
law, supposed to be liberal, but which is not so, for it fails 
to take into consideration the time spent by veterinarians 
over useful and severe studies, and the great value of the 
services they can render. With a little protection of the 
veterinary profession surely there would be attracted to it a 
number of young men who now hamper other professions. In 
large states it is scarcely possible to supply veterinarians 
enough for educational, government, municipal, and military 
purposes. This scanty supply necessitates the use of em¬ 
pirics, ■who are too often tolerated simply for want of duly- 
qualified professional men. The influence of large and small 
states on the number of veterinarians is proved by illustra¬ 
tions from the following table, where we have, on the one 
hand, the number of large animals which statistics allot to 
each veterinarian, and, also, the surface of ground which 
the same calculation gives as his range : 
Number. 
Of Kilometres 
Of Private Of Large Animals Worked by each 
Country. Practitioners. per Veterinian. Veterinarian. 
Wurtemburg .... 292 . . . 3,714 ... 64 
Switzerland .... 304 . . . 3,815 . . . 136 
Saxony. 227 . . . 3,903 ... 69 
Belgium. 368 . . . 5,519 ... 79 
Hesse. 62 . . . 5,950 ... 125 
Baden. 114 .. . 7,446 ... 133 
Prussia. 1,296 . . . 8,062 ... 267 
German Empire . . . 2,864 . . . 9,035 . . . 213 
Bavaria. 369 . . . 9,237 . . . 182 
Prance. 2,516 . . . 9,430 . . . 135 
Alsace-Lorraine ... 62 . . . 9,827 . . . 229 
Austria-Hungary. . . 1,269 (?) . . 17,200 . . . 495 
N.B.—A “ large animal” commonly is estimated as follows : 1 large 
animal = 1 ox = -§- horse = 1^ mule or ass = 10 calves or sheep = 4 
pigs = 12 goats. A. Zundel, Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire, 15th April, 
1879. 
