482 SYNOPSIS OF CONTINENTAL VETERINARY JOURNALS. 
nitrate of silver we may obtain false appearances of 
endothelium. 
2. A similar albuminous layer (subepitbelial) occurs 
between the epithelium of the capsule on the one hand and 
the fibres of the anterior cortical layer on the other, to as far 
as where the cells become fibres. 
3. That capsular epithelium is insufficient to protect the 
crystalline from the influence of the aqueous humour. 
4. When the crystalline is separated from surrounding 
parts and placed in contact with solutions of sea salt or of 
sugar of definite concentration, cataract is produced by con¬ 
centration of some of the water of the lens. A one-twentieth 
solution of sugar acts thus as one fortieth of salt. 
5. When we inject a concentrated solution of salt or of 
sugar into the anterior chamber of the eyes of large living 
mammals, subtraction of moisture produces a temporary 
cataract and also simultaneously a slight opacity of the 
cornea. Excessive secretion of aqueous humour at once 
dilutes the injected solution; hence the opacity of the lens 
is superficial and transient. 
6. Opacity of the crystalline, such as occurs in living 
animals after a diet containing much salt or sugar, is also 
due to a removal of moisture. Analysis of the humours of 
the eye confirm this. 
7. When seen under the microscope all cataracts produced 
by removal of water manifest the same invariable characters : 
a number of clear, bright vacuoles, with double outline 
situated in the epithelium of the capsule and in the fibres of 
the crystalline. 
8. Weak solutions of salt and sugar in the living animal 
only produce swelling of the crystalline, with very slight 
opacity. 
9. Opacity of the cornea resulting from injections of con¬ 
centrated solutions of salt and sugar into the anterior 
chamber is due to gradual modification of the endothelium 
of the membrane of Descemet. 
10. Opacity of the crystalline in diabetes mellitus cannot 
be explained by the withdrawal of moisture under the 
influence of excess of sugar in the humours of the eye; for 
chemical analysis of these humours in only a very small 
number of such cases indicated presence of sugar. 
We find the following in the Recueil for 15th May, 1879: 
“ Our fellow-worker, of Strasbourg, M. Zundel, has just 
been nominated Knight of the Order of St. Stanislas, of 
Russia. This distinction bears witness to the value attached 
by the Russian Government to his work on the subjects 
