622 SYNOPSIS OF VETERINARY CONTINENTAL JOURNALS. 
proglottides of T. expansa have two genital apertures, and 
the reproductive organs are double. Therefore, M. Rivolta 
deems it right to give the name Tamia ovilla to the new 
species which he has figured and described. 
Giornale cli Anatomia , Fisiologia et Pathologia degli 
Animali , November and December, 1878.— Observations 
on the Callus-forming Processes in different Fractures 
of the Bones of Man and Lower Animals (Memoire 
by Professor Ercolani, of Bologna).—M. Ercolani com¬ 
mences by recalling to our minds that, in 1866, when 
the views of Ollier, Flourens, and Larghi on the sole influ¬ 
ence of periosteum in the regeneration of bones and the 
formation of callus were uncontested, he published a first 
memoire, in which he opposed these views which seemed to 
him inexact, and attributed to the cellules of the soft 
neoplasm the formation of callus. In 1867 the eminent 
surgeon, Billroth, published an important work on the 
f Regeneration of Fractured Bones,’ in which it was concluded 
ei that all parts of the bone have a share in the formation of 
callus, not the periosteum alone; for, if this were so, and 
periosteum alone possessed the osteogenic property, con¬ 
solidation of fractures could not occur at those points where 
strong tendons are attached, where there is scarcely any, if 
any, periosteum. But it does occur.” In the ten years 
which have elapsed since the publication of his first memoire 
M. Ercolani has made numerous observations and experi¬ 
ments on the same subject, which have confirmed him in 
some of the opinions which he advanced, and led him to 
modify others. These are the new and repeated observations 
which he has made known in his present work, which is the 
complement and corrective of that of 1866. We can only 
give the conclusions of this elaborate memoire, which are as 
follows: 
1. “ I was exact in my observation, confirmed by Billroth, 
that the gelatinous juice called juice of. Galen, which sur¬ 
rounds the extremities of the fragments of fractured bones, 
or, in other words, that all the cellular elements which are 
supplied by the parts around the fracture, form the soft 
callus, and later enter into formation of the osseous callus, 
but it is an error to attribute to them alone the latter 
formation, as was formerly done. 
2. I was also correct in my statement, also confirmed by 
Billroth, that the periosteum near the seat of fracture takes 
no part in the formative process of the osseous callus, but 
was in error in stating that the periosteum of the new 
formation takes no part in production of the callus. 
