690 SYNOPSIS OP CONTINENTAL VETERINARY JOURNALS. 
ox. Leblanc's cautery is composed of iron, and the thread¬ 
like point, which is detached from the oval-shaped main 
portion, is about two centimetres long. Foucher's cautery , as 
modified, has a quadrilateral main portion, and a thread-like 
pointed prolongation, two and a half centimetres in length. 
In addition, there are required certain protecting or isolat¬ 
ing apparatus, which have been devised by M. Mansion 
(who most ably aided in these investigations). The one for 
smaller animals is composed of copper, in the shape of a 
dice-box, with an iron neck and a wooden handle. That 
for larger animals is more solid, and consists of a circular 
disk of two iron plates, between which is fixed a layer of 
wood by rivetting. These plates are centrally pierced by an 
opening; around the margin of the opening is a copper 
canula, two centimetres long. This has a neck and handle 
similar to that for smaller animals. Small animals are 
operated upon when lying on the side, larger subjects 
standing against a wall. The anterior convexity of the 
diaphragm should be reduced as much as possible by pre¬ 
viously stinting the patient of food. The operation is per¬ 
formed in the dog in the fifth, sixth, or seventh intercostal 
space, at the superior part of the inferior third; in the 
rabbit in the sixth and seventh spaces, at about the junction 
of the superior and middle thirds ; in the pig , goat , and ox, 
fifth and sixth spaces, at same level as in rabbit; in the 
horse , seventh and eighth spaces, at the middle or inferior 
third of the region. Operation .— ( a ) In small animals 
remove the hair and make an incision through the skin, 
into which introduce the extremity of the “ protectorlet 
this be inclined obliquely from behind forwards. The cautery 
being at a white heat, introduce it into the protector, and 
puncture the thoracic walls; it must be passed obliquely 
forwards and downwards to avoid injury of the diaphragm 
and abdominal viscera. The cautery having remained for 
some seconds in contact with the pulmonary tissue must be 
removed in the same direction as it was introduced. Since 
in the dog and the rabbit the skin is very mobile, a single 
cutaneous incision serves for several pyro-punctures. (5) 
In large animals, proceed at first as in operating on small 
animals ; the protector in this case, by means of the attached 
canula, will protect the whole thickness of the intercostal 
tissues. The canula of the apparatus having been passed 
into the subcutaneous cellular tissue, it is necessary to use 
a special instrument, a kind of trocar ( mandrin ), with a 
leaf-like blade at ope end and a wooden handle at the other. 
The protector being supported against the wall which is to 
