698 SYNOPSIS OF CONTINENTAL VETERINARY JOURNALS. 
ing up of the blood crystals when subjected to pressure 
under a covering glass; for similar bodies may be artifically 
produced in this way. These staff-like bodies are the first 
stage of crystallisation, the rod-like tabular bodies being 
advanced stages of the process. This may be easily verified by 
studying crystallisation of haemoglobin, as caused artificially 
by ether. That study will show us (1) that crystallisation 
is visible only when the current of the liquid is arrested 
between the two layers of glass, which shows why we cannot 
observe crystals during life in the blood ; (2) that in a num¬ 
ber of preparations successively examined we cannot always 
note crystals, perhaps in many cases for want of the requisite 
essentials ; (3) that the number of crystals results from 
and is in inverse ratio to the number of red globules broken 
up, for the longer the specimen of blood treated with ether 
stands the more numerous are the crystals. In this way we 
can explain why it is that none are to be found in the blood 
in a benign case of typhoid, few in a more serious case, a 
very large number in a rapid and highly acute attack; (4) 
that when putrefaction commences the crystals disappear. 
“ I affirm that in no one case have I ever observed Bacteria, 
properly so called, either during life or after death. I have 
inoculated many horses with the blood in as altered a condi¬ 
tion as possible, and directly after its removal from the body 
of the typhoid animal, and have never thereby communicated 
the disease. Hence, we may decide that there is not the 
slightest resemblance, nor analogy even, between charbon 
and typhoid affections. These diseases are infectious, since 
steam collected from the stables of typhoid horses produced 
the disease when introduced into the circulating blood 
of living animals.” Etiology .—Infection generally among 
young horses; also conditions leading to textural changes 
in the liver (a cause which requires proof and explanation) ; 
excessive and prolonged work, &c. M. Bouley suggested that 
creatin might be in excess in the blood in such cases, but this 
has not been investigated, though some facts seem to confirm 
this. Thus, an animal completely exhausted from overwork 
died, and on microscopical examination the blood was found 
to present true typhoid characters. Again, twenty years ago 
I pointed out the fatal effects of transporting some remounts 
by rail 200 leagues without sufficient shelter against the 
cold wind and weather, also subjected for forty hours to that 
cramped position which is instinctively adopted to lessen the 
shocks, jolting, &c., of a moving train. During the war in 
Italy my regiment (1st Artillery) was at Grenoble, our 
horses came direct from the remount establishment of Bee- 
