CAMELS WITH SOUTH AFGHAN EXPEDITION, 1878-9. 699 
Helloin, and without being able to exactly determine the 
cause of the fearful mortality which decimated the troop- 
horses, I was astonished by the losses, since more than a 
third of the horses which died did so on the very day of 
their arrival at the regiment. And, mark you, I had a formal 
assurance from my colleague at the depot that all the horses 
were bought and delivered in good health.” These effects 
are so well known in the army as to have led to a minis¬ 
terial decree commanding further protection of horses of 
the remount making long journeys by rail. Therapeutic 
indications for typhoid cases : —(1) Purge every young horse 
immediately on its arrival; (£) also give cooling agents and 
diuretics. (8) Isolate all sick horses from healthy ones to 
avoid infection. (4) Give a good free supply of fresh air; 
(5) Applications of mustard to the chest and limbs to arouse 
the enfeebled forces of the economy. (6) Frequent groom¬ 
ings. (7) Iron and bitter tonics, electuaries, with alcoholic 
basis. (8) Liberal supply of choice and varied food. (9) 
Neither bleeding nor setons. (10) During convalescence, 
redouble the local and general hygienic measures; feed 
neither sparingly nor profusely, feed' often and give but little 
at a time; watch carefully against a relapse. 
Conclusions .— “ Typhoid affections of the horse are caused 
by the introduction into the economy of an agent which acts 
especially on the plasma of the blood—(1) By altering its 
albumen ; (2) by diminishing the quantity and coagulability 
of the fibrin ; (8) by dissolving the red globules. These 
affections are infectious and not contagious .” 
CAMELS IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOUTH 
AFGHAN EXPEDITION, 1878—1879. 
By Charles Steel, Veterinary Surgeon, 16th Lancers, 
employed on Special Service. 
Having received an intimation from the Council of the 
United Service Institution of India that a paper on camels 
wmuld be desirable for their journal, I am induced to 
bring forward the results of my observations on the habits, 
treatment, diseases, &c., of that animal during my service in 
the recent expedition to South Afghanistan, and propose 
that my observations shall be of a character essentially 
practical, introducing only such technicalities as are un- 
