704 CAMELS WITH SOUTH AFGHAN EXPEDITION, 1878-9. 
variety does not appear to be extensive. Rajpoctana supplies 
a great many, and from that district were derived those 
which were used during the siege of Delhi. Our camels in 
South Afghanistan were almost all Scind, amongst which 
was a very small proportion of females ; whereas with the 
northern army they are reported to have abounded. We 
had a small number of Paharee or hill camels, and a few 
specimens of the magnificent Persian. Some from Scind 
were very fine and powerful, distinguished by their height, 
length of leg, and paucity of hair, amounting, in some in¬ 
stances to nudity, the disproportion in strength of fore and 
hind extremities being very remarkable, and their suscepti¬ 
bility to climatic changes very great. The Paharee is much 
more freely supplied with hair, of lower stature as a rule, 
shorter in the leg, and more proportionate development pos- 
teriorly; these certainly suffered much less from any cause, 
and I had no opportunity of making a post-mortem examina¬ 
tion. The Persian possesses a thick coat, splendid capillary 
appendages, especially about the neck, which has a deep and 
graceful curve; he has also a wide chest and short legs, but 
I was sorry to observe that, as the climate increased in tem¬ 
perature, the ornamental hair began to fall off in patches, 
presenting a mangy appearance; this would probably be 
restored on the return of cold weather. There were only a 
few specimens, bought by officers above Candahar as curiosi¬ 
ties, so that there was little opportunity of judging as to 
their qualifications for transport. It is stated that a fossil 
species, much larger than the ordinary camel, has been dis¬ 
covered in the tertiary deposits in the Sewalik hills. 
Anatomical construction , so far as it is especially adapted 
to the present subject .—My remarks under this head must be 
mainly upon the anatomy of the respiratory, circulatory, and 
digestive apparatus. As this is not an anatomical essay, a 
mere outline or elementary notice will sufficiently prepare 
the reader for appreciation of the practical, physiological, 
and pathological deductions which are to follow. The power 
of closing the nostrils at will has been alluded to; the air 
next passes through the nasal chambers to the larynx, which 
is a cartilaginous box, composed of five elastic pieces, the 
most remarkable of which is the epiglottis or lid, which closes 
the opening during deglutition, preventing the ingress of food 
which would prove violently irritating to its delicate lining 
membrane. The whole apparatus is concerned in the modu¬ 
lations of voice, and in the animal under consideration there 
are some few peculiarities of formation, but they have no 
especial bearing on the subject. Attached to the larynx is 
