832 SCOTTISH METROPOLITAN VETERINARY MEDICAL SOCIETY. 
The occluded intestine is enormously increased in bulk, in weight, 
and in thickness ; the peritoneum is sometimes intensely congested and 
ecchymosed—in this case it is always associated with peritoneal effusion 
—at other times nearly normal. On making an incision through the 
intestine a quantity of foetid gas escapes. The ejesta is usually mixed 
with large quantities of blood serum and, and not infrequently coloured 
with hasmatin; owing to solution and transudation of the hsemato-globu- 
lin from pressure, at other times it is mixed with coagula of blood or 
large duantities of fluid blood, the mucous membrane is thickhned, 
softened, dry, corrugated, and roughened on its free surface, of a dirty 
brown colour, and frequently fissured; the sub-mucous and sub-serous 
tissue is infiltrated with serum to the extent of three-quarters to one and 
a half inches thick, while its small vessels are engorged to their utmost; 
the arteries empty, the veins fully distended with semi-coagulated 
blood, which oftentimes resembles damson pulp, and is composed mainly 
of coloured corpuscles, many of which are ruptured and their walls 
shrivelled. The lymphatics on the exterior of the intestines are 
charged with lymph. 
The line of demarcation between the involved and free portions of 
the gut is very pronounced, as it is also in the second form. 
In the second form of colic displacement the accompanying symptoms 
are developed suddenly and with great violence; the pulse is bounding, 
almost incompressible; the jugular and superficial veins, full of blood, 
can be readily distended, and when opened the blood flows with great 
force, and is bright in colour : venesection only reduces the pulse to a 
slight degree, and gives but little relief from pain ; the mucous membranes 
are intensely injected, perspiration profuse, tremors marked, eye promi¬ 
nent, countenance desperate, and the pain is persistent and agonising, 
manifested in a great variety of ways, and cannot be relieved. Death 
usually takes place in from four to six or eight hours, while in the first 
form life may be prolonged for sixteen or even eighteen hours. 
O n post-mortem examination the intestine is found to be black, morti¬ 
fied, and friable, the veins and arteries plugged. A very fetid odour is 
evolved from the strangulated intestine and its contents. 
In the third form of intestinal displacement the symptoms are mani¬ 
fested gradually, and, usually, secondarily, i. e. after an animal has 
suffered from enteralgia, from any cause, for a number of hours. Only 
two well-marked cases of this form have come under my notice. The 
pain is subdued; in fact the animal may stand quietly for a long time, or 
may evince occasional accessions of pain; the pulse is quick and weak ; 
the mucous membranes injected; the breathing laboured, occasionally 
spasmodic; the temperature about 103° F., with moderate perspiration, 
and an anxious expression of coutenance; there is continued oesophageal 
regurgitation of fluid and gas, great distension of oesophagus being ob¬ 
served with each eructation, leading to the supposition , that the animal 
is suffering from impaction of that tube. On auscultation the metallic 
gurgling sound peculiar to the movement of fluid and gas in a hollow 
viscus is heard along the whole course of the oesophagus, in the thoracic 
region, and over the stomach in the epigastrium. The animal may 
vomit a large quantity of fluid before death. In any case there will be 
attempts at vomition. 
In none of these forms have I referred particularly to such concomi¬ 
tant symptoms as yawning, sighing, neighing, gnashing of the teeth, 
clenching of the jaws, curling of the upper lip, backing against promi¬ 
nent objects, or pressing the breast against the manger, or the head 
against the wall, straining and groaning when the hand is introduced 
