i8o 
MILDEWS, RUSTS AND SMUTS 
Europe generally, Asiatic Siberia, and United States. 
This species sometimes proves very injurious to conifers. 
Not much injury is done so long as the parasite is confined 
to the leaves, but when the trunk is attacked the mycelium 
becomes perennial in the bark, and causes deformation 
resulting in the death of the upper branches, producing 
the disease called " resin-top or '' resin-leader." 
The uredo stage has been described as occurring on 
Cineraria leaves, and this is not at all improbable. On 
the other hand some authorities consider the fungus on 
Cineraria to be Coleosporium sonchi, Lev. Careful culture 
experiments can alone determine this point. 
Coleosporium sonchi, Lev. ; Plowr., Ured., p. 250. 
Uredospores. Sori yellowish-rufous, soon pale and 
powdery, irregular in shape, scattered or in groups ; spores 
in short chains, soon becoming free, variable in shape, 
averaging 20—25 X 15—18 p, orange, warted. 
Teleutospores. Sori fiat, orange then red, small, but 
sometimes crowded and forming crusts ; spores cylindrical 
or club-shaped, generally 4-celled, tip flattened, orange, 
60—70 X 20—25 p. 
Syn. Uredo sonchi-arvensis, Pers. 
Uredo tussilaginis, Pers. 
Coleosporium tussilaginis, Lev. 
On Coltsfoot— Tussilago farfara, Sonchus arvensis, S. 
oleraceus, Petasites officinalis, Inula helenium, Cacalia 
hastata. Europe generally, Asiatic Siberia, and United 
States. 
Coleosporium campanulae, Lev. ; Plowr., Ured., p. 251. 
Uredospores. Sori on the under surface of the leaf, 
scattered, dull orange, soon pale and powdery ; spores 
globose, angular or elliptical, at first in short chains, echinu- 
late, 20—35 X 18—30 p. 
Teleutospores. Sori on the under surface of the leaf, often 
forming irregularly shaped, crusty patches, yellowish, then 
reddish-brown, finally, blackish; spores cylindrical or 
club-shaped, generally 4-celled, smooth, orange, 80—100 
X 20—30 p. 
Syn. Uredo Crustacea, Berk. 
Uredo campanulae, Pers. 
On Campanula rotundifolia and C. trachelium, Jasione 
montana. Europe generally and Asiatic Siberia. 
Coleosporium euphrasiae, Wint. ; Plowr., Ured., p. 253. 
Uredospores. Sori mostly on the under surface of the leaf, 
