PREFACE. 
ix 
The land and fresh-water kinds will in all situ¬ 
ations present themselves. In hedges and ditches; 
in streams and stagnant waters ; in the crevices of 
rocks and old walls ; in the clefts of the bark and 
at the roots of trees ; in arid plains and upland 
meadows* after the grass has been mown; in woods 
and marshes, and on mountains; under stones and 
fallen timber ; on the leaves and at the roots of 
I plants; and under the top stones of the loftiest 
buildings. 
To assist his pursuits in the accomplishment of 
these ends* it will be necessary to be provided with 
a small concliological apparatus* easily portable. 
A chisel and hammer ; a knife and a saw *• boxes 
and bags for the preservation of minute species ; 
a pocket magnifier, with two or three powers ; a 
spoon* such as is described in Brown’s Elements* 
five inches long and three and a half wide* of an 
oval shape* with a rim about an inch in'height* 
and a hollow handle by which it may he put on 
and taken off the end of a stick or umbrella: this 
implement is well adapted for the collection of 
fresh-water shells* and sifting fine sand. 
Live shells are always preferable to dead ones : 
and the animals of the spiral kind may be easily 
removed* by putting them first into hot watei and 
afterwards into cold to diminish their bulk* when 
they may be carefully removed by a pin or other 
pointed instrument. Sea shells may he soaked in 
fresh water for a night* to dissolve any salt particles 
which might corrode them. Before they are placed 
in the cabinet* wash them well with a small brush 
in soap and water; and if a polish be necessary* 
1 b 3 two 
