2 
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL THERMOMETRY. 
metry, is Dr. H. Krabbe, of the Copenhagen Veterinary 
School; whose extensive and able investigations have been 
translated from the Danish Tidsskrift for Veterincerer by my 
friend M. Dele, of Antwerp, to whose analysis of Dr. 
Ivrahhe’s paper I am indebted for the following remarks on 
the physiological temperature of the domesticated animals. 
Some idea may he formed of our Danish confrere’s zeal in 
investigation, when we find that he took the temperature of 
seventy-one horses, pigs, oxen, sheep, dogs, and cats no fewer 
than 1728 times. 
His paper commences with a summary of the works of 
Traube, Bserensprung, and Wunderlich relative to the normal 
temperature of man, the average of which is from 363° to 
37*5° Centigrade (97*1° to 995° Fahrenheit). Dr. Alvarenga, 
of Lisbon, however, gives it as 37’27° Cent. (circa 99 , 25° 
Fahr.).* He then cites the researches made in England by 
Dr. Sanderson (1866) during the cattle plague invasion, and 
in Germany in 1867 by Gerlach, with regard to the tempera¬ 
ture of cattle labouring under that malady, as well as those 
of the Veterinary Professor Stockfleth, on that of animals 
affected with aphthous fever. The latter remarked that the 
temperature of those cattle which had recovered from the 
disease was 38*5° (Cent.); and Krabbe observes that this 
register differs considerably from that given as the normal 
temperature by Fleming, which was 39*3°. f He also adds 
that, though the temperature has been frequently indicated in 
animals suffering from disease, only isolated observations 
have been published with regard to creatures in physiological 
conditions, notably those by Prevost and Dumas, Sonnenberg, 
Davy, Fleming, &c. 
Dr. Krabbe’s aim has, therefore, been to determine in an 
exact manner, by repeated thermometrical observations, what 
this physiological temperature really is. The details of his 
labours are shown in a series of tables, which are not given 
in the translation for lack of space, only the general results 
being presented. In all cases the temperature appears to 
have been taken in the rectum. Before giving his own 
observations, Krabbe gives those of other writers. According 
to these, the normal temperature of the Horse is, according 
to— 
Prevost and Dumas . 
Sonnenberg 
Davy 
Pleming 
. 37° to 38°. 
* ‘ Annales de la de Societe de Med. d’Anvers,’ 1871. 
f The Veterinarian , 1868. Page 78. 
