40 
CATTLE DISEASE IN CHINA. 
thin purulent and very offensive fluid; nearly a pint of this in 
each nostril. Mucous lining dirty red and leaden coloured; 
on its surface one or two patches of yellow muco-purulent 
somewhat adherent exudation or deposit, covering portions 
of the membrane which appear finely granular—superficial 
ulceration—denuded of epithelium. Mucous membrane 
covering epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages deeply injected, 
dirty red in colour and mottled over with blue points as of 
blood extravasated somewhat deeply in submucous tissue; 
more superficial extravasations on free edges of these carti¬ 
lages. Laryngeal mucous lining similarly altered in colour, 
blood extravasations in submucous tissue. Much muco¬ 
purulent quasi-diphtheritic or croupous exudation situated on 
patches of superficially ulcerated mucous membrane, most 
abundant at base of epiglottis and on under surface of vocal 
cords. Tracheal lining much reddened and the seat of numer¬ 
ous blood extravasations; the tube itself tilled with abundant 
white or pinkish froth. Lungs and pleurae free from inflam¬ 
mation ; from the former much dark venous blood ran out 
on section—mechanical hyperaemia. The froth noticed as 
occupying the trachea extended into and occupied the larger 
divisions of the bronchi. No ulcerations seen on mucous 
lining of mouth. Tongue covered with scattered raised bright 
red papillae, here and there the seat of commencing ulcera¬ 
tions ; these were confined to the anterior third. On opening 
the abdominal cavity the intestines, especially the small gut, 
appeared pink or reddish and purple as in the first stage of 
peritonitis, but the glossy smoothness of the membrane was 
unaltered, and there was no exudation of lymph. The 
mucous lining was much congested and variously discoloured, 
generally of a dirty red or purplish colour. Numerous sub¬ 
mucous blood extravasations were observed. The surface of 
the membrane was widely covered with an adherent viscid 
muco-purulent secretion or deposit. The special glan¬ 
dular lesions noted in so many of the other cases were not ob¬ 
served in this instance. .The stomachs were not examined/ 7 
While engaged in these investigations among Mr. Keele's 
stock, rumours reached me from all sides of the prevalence of 
the disease among the native cattle in or near Shanghai, and 
accordingly, feeling it my duty to bring the matter fully before 
the members of the Council, I published my first official 
Memorandum on the 3rd of April: 
“ Memorandum No. 1. 
u Horned cattle are at present suffering in Shanghai from 
epidemic disease. One foreign owner has lost during the 
